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首页> 外文期刊>Water resources research >Experimental and Numerical Study of Evaporation From Wavy Surfaces by Coupling Free Flow and Porous Media Flow
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Experimental and Numerical Study of Evaporation From Wavy Surfaces by Coupling Free Flow and Porous Media Flow

机译：自由流与多孔介质流耦合从波浪表面蒸发的实验与数值研究

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The macroscale roughness of the soil surface has significant influences on the mass/energy interactions between the subsurface and the atmosphere during evaporation. However, most previous works only consider evaporation behavior from flat surfaces. Based on experimental and numerical approaches, the goal of this work is to provide a framework for the understanding of the mechanisms of evaporation from irregular soil surfaces at representative elementary volume scale. A coupling free flow-porous media flow model was developed to describe evaporation under nonisothermal conditions. For simplicity, sinusoidal-type wavy surfaces were considered. To validate this modeling approach, an experiment using an open-ended wind tunnel and soil tank was conducted. The experimental system was instrumented with various environmental sensors to continuously collect atmospheric and subsurface data. Results demonstrate that the surface roughness directly affects both atmospheric and diffusion-dominated stages I and II evaporation behavior, respectively. The atmospheric conditions directly affect the boundary layer during stage I. The evaporation rate is determined by the diffusion in the boundary layer, but not that in the porous media. The soil properties exert intrinsic influence on the capillary flow and determine the evaporation amount. The complex interaction between capillarity and the boundary layer leads to a heterogeneous distribution of evaporative flux with undulation (i.e., location along the soil surface) and time. Additionally, more and steeper waves indicate more influence from capillary flow, enhancing evaporation compared to a single wave system with the same wave amplitude, while steeper waves also result in a thicker boundary layer and weaken evaporation.
机译：在蒸发过程中，土壤表面的宏观粗糙度对地下与大气之间的质量/能量相互作用具有重大影响。但是，大多数先前的工作仅考虑了从平面蒸发的行为。基于实验和数值方法，这项工作的目的是提供一个框架，以了解具有代表性的基本体积尺度下从不规则土壤表面蒸发的机理。建立了耦合自由流动-多孔介质流动模型来描述非等温条件下的蒸发。为简单起见，考虑了正弦波型曲面。为了验证这种建模方法，进行了使用开放式风洞和土壤罐的实验。实验系统装有各种环境传感器，可连续收集大气和地下数据。结果表明，表面粗糙度分别直接影响大气和扩散主导的阶段I和II的蒸发行为。在阶段I中，大气条件直接影响边界层。蒸发速率取决于边界层中的扩散，而不取决于多孔介质中的扩散。土壤性质对毛细流产生内在影响，并决定蒸发量。毛细作用与边界层之间复杂的相互作用导致蒸发通量的不均匀分布，且起伏不定（即沿土壤表面的位置）和时间。此外，与相同波幅的单波系统相比，更多和更陡峭的波表明受到毛细管流动的影响更大，从而增强了蒸发，而更陡峭的波也导致边界层变厚并削弱了蒸发。

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