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首页> 外文期刊>Water resources research >Changes to the Water Balance Over a Century of Urban Development in Two Neighborhoods: Vancouver, Canada
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Changes to the Water Balance Over a Century of Urban Development in Two Neighborhoods: Vancouver, Canada

机译：百年城市发展在两个地区的水平衡变化：加拿大温哥华

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Hydrological cycles of two suburban neighborhoods in Vancouver, BC, during initial urban development and subsequent urban densification (1920-2010) are examined using the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme. The two neighborhoods have different surface characteristics (as determined from aerial photographs) which impact the hydrological processes. Unlike previous studies of the effect of urbanization on the local hydrology, densification of already built lots is explored with a focus on the neighborhood scale. Human behavioral changes to irrigation are accounted for in the simulations. Irrigation is the dominant factor, accounting for up to 56% of the water input on an annual basis in the study areas. This may surpass garden needs and go to runoff. Irrigating once a week would provide sufficient water for the garden. Without irrigation, evaporation would have decreased over the 91years at a rate of up to 1.4mm/year and runoff increased at 4.0mm/year with the increase in impervious cover. Similarly without irrigation, the ratio of sensible heat flux to the available energy would have increased over the 91years at a rate of up to 0.003 per year. Urbanization and densification cause an increase in runoff and increase risk of surface flooding. Small daily runoff events with short return periods have increased over the century, whereas the occurrence of heavy daily runoff events (return period52 days) are not affected. The results can help us to understand the dominant factors in the suburban hydrological cycle and can inform urban planning.
机译：使用地表城市能源和水平衡计划，考察了不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华市两个郊区社区在最初的城市发展以及随后的城市致密化期间（1920-2010年）的水文循环。这两个邻域具有不同的表面特征（从航空照片确定），这些特征会影响水文过程。与先前关于城市化对当地水文影响的研究不同，对已建地段的致密化进行了研究，重点是邻里规模。模拟中说明了人类对灌溉行为的改变。灌溉是主要因素，在研究区域中，每年的灌溉用水占总投入的56％。这可能会超过花园的需求并进入径流。每周灌溉一次将为花园提供足够的水。如果不进行灌溉，随着不透水覆盖的增加，在91年中蒸发量将以1.4mm /年的速度下降，而径流以4.0mm /年的速度增加。同样，如果不进行灌溉，则在91年中，显热通量与可用能量之比将以每年高达0.003的速度增加。城市化和致密化会增加径流，并增加地表洪水的风险。在短短一个世纪之内，日径流量小的短期回报事件有所增加，而重度日径流量事件（回报期> 52天）的发生却不受影响。结果可以帮助我们了解郊区水文循环的主要因素，并可以为城市规划提供依据。

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