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Satellite-Based Monitoring of Irrigation Water Use: Assessing Measurement Errors and Their Implications for Agricultural Water Management Policy

机译：基于卫星的灌溉用水监测：评估测量误差及其对农业水管理政策的影响

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摘要

Reliable accounting of agricultural water use is critical for sustainable water management. However, the majority of agricultural water use is not monitored, with limited metering of irrigation despite increasing pressure on both groundwater and surface water resources in many agricultural regions worldwide. Satellite remote sensing has been proposed as a low-cost and scalable solution to fill widespread gaps in monitoring of irrigation water use in both developed and developing countries, bypassing the technical, socioeconomic, and political challenges that to date have constrained in situ metering. In this paper, we show through a systematic meta-analysis that the relative accuracy of different satellite-based irrigation water use monitoring approaches remains poorly understood, with evidence of large uncertainties when water use estimates are validated against in situ irrigation data at both field and regional scales. Subsequently, we demonstrate that water use measurement errors result in large economic welfare losses for farmers and may negatively impact ability of policies to limit acute and nonlinear externalities of irrigation abstraction on both the environment and other water users. Our findings highlight that water resource planners must consider the trade-offs between accuracy and costs associated with different water use accounting approaches. Remote sensing has an important role to play in supporting improved agricultural water accounting-both independently and in combination with in situ monitoring. However, greater transparency and evidence is needed about underlying uncertainties in satellite-based models, along with how these measurement errors affect the performance of associated policies to manage different short- and long-term externalities of irrigation water use.
机译：农业用水可靠的核算对于可持续水资源管理至关重要。然而，尽管在全球许多农业地区的地下水和地表水资源增加压力，但灌溉的大部分农业用水都没有受到监测。已经提出了卫星遥感作为低成本和可扩展的解决方案，以填补对发达国家和发展中国家的灌溉用水监测，绕过迄今为止的技术，社会经济和政治挑战的灌溉用水。在本文中，我们通过系统的荟萃分析展示了不同卫星灌溉用水监测方法的相对准确性仍然清晰，有迹象表明，当水使用估计在两个场地的原位灌溉数据中验证时，有很大的不确定性区域鳞片。随后，我们证明了水使用测量误差导致农民的大量经济福利损失，可能会对环境和其他水用户进行灌溉抽象的急性和非线性外部性产生负面影响的能力。我们的研究结果强调，水资源规划者必须考虑与不同用水会计方法相关的准确性和成本之间的权衡。遥感在支持改进的农业核算方面具有重要作用 - 无论是独立的还是与原位监测相结合。然而，需要更大的透明度和证据是关于卫星的模型中的潜在不确定性，以及这些测量误差如何影响相关政策的性能，以管理灌溉用水的不同短期和长期外部性。

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