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首页> 外文期刊>Water resources research >Inference of Transmissivity in Crystalline Rock Using Flow Logs Under Steady-State Pumping: Impact of Multiscale Heterogeneity
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Inference of Transmissivity in Crystalline Rock Using Flow Logs Under Steady-State Pumping: Impact of Multiscale Heterogeneity

机译：使用稳态泵浦下的流量测井在晶体岩石中的透射率推理：多尺度异质性的影响

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摘要

The significance of fracture roughness for hydraulic characterization of sparsely fractured (crystalline) rock using flow logs under steady-state pumping conditions is investigated by numerical simulations in three-dimensional fracture networks. A new solver for simulating flow in three-dimensional discrete fracture networks is implemented using a hybrid finite volume and finite element method. The analysis is focused on different scales of heterogeneity in three-dimensions: the network scale heterogeneity, the fracture-to-fracture scale heterogeneity, and the individual fracture scale heterogeneity (fracture roughness). The results show that the individual fracture scale heterogeneity due to fracture roughness is potentially an additional source of uncertainty for hydraulic tests in fractured rocks using flow logs. Specifically, it enhances the variation in measured flowrates and inferred transmissivity in addition to the network scale heterogeneity and the fracture-to-fracture scale heterogeneity. However, the individual fracture scale heterogeneity has relatively small impact on the inferred transmissivity distributions compared to the fracture-to-fracture scale heterogeneity. Moreover, fracture roughness and fracture-to-fracture heterogeneity have limited influence on the median values of the inferred transmissivity such that the median transmissivity is mostly reliable when inferred from flow logs. Comparison between the inferred and underlying input transmissivity distributions shows that interpreting hydraulic tests in crystalline rock using flow logs and the Thiem equation may underestimate the variation range of the underlying transmissivity. The results are helpful for understanding the uncertainty in hydraulic characterization of sparsely fractured rocks using flow logs that are relevant for various geo-engineering and water resources applications.Plain Language Summary We study the impact of fracture roughness on inferred transmissivity from flow log information, in three-dimensional discrete fracture networks of crystalline rocks. For simulation of water flow, a new solver for three-dimensional discrete fracture networks using a hybrid finite volume and finite element method is implemented in this work to include borehole hydraulics. We consider three scales of heterogeneity in discrete fracture networks: the network scale heterogeneity, the fracture-to-fracture heterogeneity, and the individual fracture roughness. We find that the fracture roughness slightly increases the variability of measured flowrates and inferred transmissivity. The median values of the inferred transmissivity are close to that of the actual underlying input transmissivity, indicating that the fracture roughness has limited impact on the median values. In other words, median values of transmissivity inferred from flow logs under steady-state pumping are generally representative for the median values of the underlying transmissivity distributions. The method presented in this study is useful for modeling flow in sparsely fractured crystalline rock with conducting boreholes and rough fractures, while the presented results are helpful for understanding and quantifying uncertainty in transmissivity distributions inferred from flow log measurements.Key PointsThree scales of hydraulic heterogeneity affect variability of measured flowrate and inferred transmissivity Fracture roughness has relatively small impact on inferred transmissivity compared to the fracture-to-fracture scale heterogeneity The median value of inferred transmissivity from flow logs is representative of the underlying transmissivity distribution
机译：通过三维裂缝网络中的数值模拟研究了在稳态泵送条件下使用流量测井的稀疏破裂（晶体）岩石的液压表征的裂缝粗糙度的重要性。使用混合有限体积和有限元方法来实现用于模拟三维离散骨折网络中的流动的新求解器。该分析专注于三维异质性的不同尺度：网络规模异质性，骨折 - 断裂尺度异质性，以及个体裂缝尺度异质性（骨折粗糙度）。结果表明，由于骨折粗糙度导致的单个骨折规模是可能的额外的使用流量对岩石岩石中的液压试验不确定性来源。具体地，除了网络规模异质性和骨折 - 裂缝尺度异质性之外，它增强了测量的流量和推断透射率的变化。然而，与骨折与断裂尺度异质性相比，各个断裂尺度异质性对推断透射率分布相对较小。此外，断裂粗糙度和骨折骨折异质性对推断透射率的中值的影响有限，使得当从流量的原木推断时，中位透射率大多是可靠的。推断和底层输入透射率分布之间的比较表明，使用流量记录和Thiem方程来解释结晶岩石中的液压试验，可以低估潜在透射率的变化范围。结果有助于利用与各种地理工程和水资源应用相关的流量记录来理解稀疏骨折岩石液压表征的不确定性。朱语言概要我们研究了骨折粗糙度对从流量日志信息推断出来的透射率的影响三维离散骨折网络的晶体岩石。水流的模拟，使用混合有限体积和有限元方法的三维离散裂缝网络中新的求解器在这个工作是实现为包括钻孔水力学。我们考虑三个异质性在离散断裂网络中：网络规模异质性，骨折 - 断裂异质性，以及个体骨折粗糙度。我们发现断裂粗糙度略微增加了测量流量的可变性和推断透射率。推断透射率的中值靠近实际底层输入透射率的值，表明骨折粗糙度对中值值影响有限。换句话说，从稳态泵浦下的流量日志推断的透射率的中值值通常代表基础透射率分布的中值。本研究中呈现的方法可用于在稀疏骨折的晶状体中建模流孔和粗糙的裂缝，而呈现的结果有助于了解和量化从流量日志测量推断的透射率分布中的不确定性.Key Pointhree级别的液压异质性影响与骨折与断裂尺度异质性相比，测量流量和推断透射率断裂粗糙度对推断透射率的变化具有相对较小的影响，与骨折 - 裂缝尺度异质性与流动日志的推断透射率的中值相比是潜在的透射率分布的代表性

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