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首页> 外文期刊>Water SA >Threats and opportunities for post-closure development in dolomitic gold mining areas of the West Rand and Far West Rand (South Africa)-a hydraulic view Part 1: Mining legacy and future threats
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Threats and opportunities for post-closure development in dolomitic gold mining areas of the West Rand and Far West Rand (South Africa)-a hydraulic view Part 1: Mining legacy and future threats

机译：西兰特和远西兰德（南非）白云岩金矿开采区封闭后发展的威胁与机遇-水力观点第1部分：采矿遗留和未来威胁

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摘要

For long periods in the history of South Africa gold mining formed the backbone of an otherwise agriculturally-dominated economy, initiating rapid urbanisation in often remote and underdeveloped farming areas. This paper explores examples from a mined-out goldfield west of Johannesburg (West Rand), where consequences of mine closure can currently be observed, as well as from an active goldfield on the Far West Rand. Both areas are linked by the Wonderfonteinspruit, a stream drawing much national and international media attention for its high levels of radioactive pollution. Dating back more than 120 years, the impacts of gold mining and later uranium mining on the natural environment are profound and complex, perhaps most affecting the rich groundwater resources found in the exceptionally well-karstified dolomite that underlies most of the catchment area. Mining-related impacts such as large-scale land degradation associated with dewa-tering of karstic aquifers and widespread pollution of surface water and groundwater systems are discussed. Based on this, potential threats and opportunities for post-mining scenarios are identified in a series of 3 papers. Part 1 of this series outlines impacts of mining, particularly on the natural water resources, and possible consequences associated with the future re-watering of currently de-watered dolomitic compartments. The need for a regionally-integrated approach to the closure of highly interconnected mines is stressed and timelines of the closure process estimated. In Part 2 the emphasis is on identifying possible opportunities for post-mining development centred mainly around the utilisation of exceptional karst features and associated water resources. Part 3 aims to quantify uncertainties associated with planning in mining-dominated environments by comparing historical predictions with factual developments.
机译：在南非历史上的很长一段时间里，金矿开采一直是农业为主的经济的支柱，在通常偏远和欠发达的农业地区引发了快速的城市化。本文探讨了约翰内斯堡（西兰德）以西的一个采空金矿以及远西兰德一个活跃的金矿的实例，在这些金矿中目前可以观察到矿山关闭的后果。这两个区域都由Wonderfonteinspruit连接，该流因其高水平的放射性污染而引起了国内外众多媒体的关注。距今已有120多年的历史，金矿开采和后来的铀矿开采对自然环境的影响是深远而复杂的，这可能最严重地影响了位于大多数集水区下方的异常石灰化的白云岩中丰富的地下水资源。讨论了与采矿有关的影响，例如与岩溶含水层脱水有关的大规模土地退化以及地表水和地下水系统的广泛污染。基于此，在三篇系列文章中确定了采矿后场景的潜在威胁和机遇。本系列的第1部分概述了采矿的影响，特别是对自然水资源的影响，以及与当前已脱水的白云岩隔层未来再浇水有关的可能后果。强调需要采取区域综合办法来关闭高度相互联系的地雷，并估计关闭过程的时间表。在第2部分中，重点是确定主要在利用异常喀斯特地貌和相关水资源的基础上进行采矿后开发的可能机会。第3部分旨在通过将历史预测与事实发展相比较，来量化与采矿为主的环境中的计划相关的不确定性。

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