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Integration of ceramic membrane and compressed air-assisted solvent extraction (CASX) for metal recovery

机译：陶瓷膜和压缩空气辅助溶剂萃取（CASX）的集成用于金属回收

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In our previous publications, compressed air-assisted solvent extraction process (CASX) wasndeveloped and proved to be kinetically efficient process for metal removal. In the current study,nCASX with a ceramic MF membrane integrated for separation of spent solvent was employednto remove and recover metal from wastewater. MF was operated either in crossflow mode orndead-end with intermittent flushing mode. Under crossflow mode, three distinct stages of flux vs.nTMP (trans-membrane pressure) relationship were observed. In the first stage, flux increases withnincreasing TMP which is followed by the stage of stable flux with increasing TMP. After reachingna threshold TMP which is dependent of crossflow velocity, flux increases again with increasingnTMP. At the last stage, solvent was pushed through membrane pores as indicated by increasingnpermeate COD. In dead-end with intermittent flushing mode, an intermittent flushing flown(2 min after a 10-min or a 30-min dead-end filtration) was incorporated to reduce membranenfouling by flush out MSAB accumulated on membrane surface. Effects of solvent concentrationnand composition were also investigated. Solvent concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1% (w/w)nhave no adverse effect in terms of membrane fouling. However, solvent composition,ni.e. D2EHPA/kerosene ratio, shows impact on membrane fouling. The type of metal extractantsnemployed in CASX has significant impact on both membrane fouling and the quality of filtratendue to the differences in their viscosity and water solubility. Separation of MSAB was thenlimiting process controlling metal removal efficiency, and the removal efficiency of Cd(II)nand Cr(VI) followed the same trend as that for COD.
机译：在我们以前的出版物中，未开发压缩空气辅助溶剂萃取工艺（CASX），并被证明是动力学上有效的金属去除工艺。在当前的研究中，nCASX带有集成的陶瓷MF膜用于分离废溶剂，用于从废水中去除和回收金属。 MF在错流模式或间歇冲洗模式的死胡同下运行。在错流模式下，观察到通量与nTMP（跨膜压力）关系的三个不同阶段。在第一阶段，通量随着TMP的增加而增加，随后是稳定通量随TMP的增加而增加的阶段。在达到取决于横流速度的阈值TMP之后，通量随着nTMP的增加而再次增加。在最后阶段，如渗透液COD的增加所示，将溶剂推过膜孔。在间歇冲洗死角模式下，间歇冲洗流量（10分钟或30分钟死角过滤后2分钟）被加入以通过冲洗掉积聚在膜表面的MSAB减少膜污染。还研究了溶剂浓度和组成的影响。溶剂浓度在0.1％至1％（w / w）范围内，对膜污染没有不利影响。但是，溶剂组成。 D2EHPA /煤油比率显示对膜结垢的影响。由于CASX中使用的金属萃取剂的粘度和水溶性不同，因此它们对膜的结垢和滤液的质量都有重要影响。然后，MSAB的分离限制了控制金属去除效率的过程，Cd（II）n和Cr（VI）的去除效率遵循与COD相同的趋势。

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