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Improving Herbicide Application Accuracy in South Asia

机译：提高南亚除草剂的使用准确性

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In 1998, Indian regulatory agencies approved the registration of CGA 184927, MON 37500, and fenoxaprop for postemergence control of isoproturon-resistant littleseed canarygrass. Herbicides used in rice and wheat before 1998 were generally mixed with sand or urea and were applied by hand. Foliar pesticide spray applications consisted primarily of insecticides and fungicides that were applied to high-value crops. These pesticides were often sprayed to runoff with backpack sprayers that were equipped with single hollow-cone or flood nozzles. Applicators walked through the fields, swinging the wands in sweeping motions resulting in uneven pesticide distribution and overapplication. The newly registered postemergence herbicides were applied with the same equipment and in the same fashion. After these applications, control of littleseed canarygrass was strikingly inconsistent, and the growers blamed the lack of control on the manufacturers. It was later clear that basic understanding of the application techniques was lacking. In response to this, an application training workshop was organized and conducted in India and Nepal in 2000. The workshops focused on teaching the participants how to use and fabricate multiple-nozzle booms, the importance of flat-fan nozzles, calibration, drift avoidance, and applicator safety. To date, approximately 3,000 farmers, extension agents, scientists, and industry representatives have attended more than 30 workshops. The participants were unanimously enthusiastic about the value of the workshops. Although simplistic, the adoption of this technology will significantly decrease the amounts of herbicides applied and will increase efficacy and efficiency.
机译：1998年，印度监管机构批准了CGA 184927，MON 37500和fenoxaprop的注册，用于抗异丙隆的小种子金丝雀的芽后控制。通常在1998年之前将用于水稻和小麦的除草剂与沙子或尿素混合，然后手工施用。叶面农药喷雾剂的应用主要包括杀虫剂和杀真菌剂，这些杀虫剂和杀真菌剂用于高价值农作物。这些农药通常是用装有单个空心锥或泛洪喷嘴的背负式喷雾器喷洒到径流中的。施药者穿过田野，以横扫动作摆动棒，导致农药分配不均和施药过量。新注册的芽后除草剂以相同的设备和相同的方式施用。在这些应用之后，小种子金丝雀的控制非常不稳定，种植者将生产商的控制权归咎于缺乏控制。后来很清楚，缺乏对应用技术的基本了解。针对这种情况，2000年在印度和尼泊尔组织并举办了一次应用培训研讨会。这些研讨会的重点是教与会人员如何使用和制造多喷嘴动臂，平扇喷嘴的重要性，校准，避免漂移，和喷头安全。迄今为止，大约3,000名农民，推广人员，科学家和行业代表参加了30多个讲习班。与会人员一致地热衷于研讨会的价值。尽管简单，但采用该技术将大大减少除草剂的施用量，并提高功效和效率。

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