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Grazing Animals as Weed Control Agents

机译：放牧动物作为杂草防治剂

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摘要

Literature on the effectiveness of grazing animals (especially cattle, goats, and sheep) in controlling weeds is reviewed. Availability of animals and the ability to fence them onto or off weed infestations are essential. Weeds of pastures are the most suitable subjects for control, although weeds of arable crops, forestry, and waste places are sometimes amenable to control by grazing animals. Although grazing animals themselves often cause weed problems in pasture, adjusting grazing timing or intensity or both can sometimes redress the balance. Increasing sheep or cattle stocking rates prevents animals from grazing selectively and can help control some weeds. Adjusting grazing pressure can also improve the growth of desirable pasture species so that these are more competitive and able to resist invasion of annual or biennial weeds. Introducing a different class of stock, like sheep into a cattle system or goats into a sheep system can control many weeds. Goats are capable of browsing on and controlling spiny or poisonous brush weeds, including gorse and poison ivy, without suffering adverse effects. Examples are given of the use of grazing animals for weed control in crops and forestry.
机译：综述了放牧动物（特别是牛，山羊和绵羊）在控制杂草方面的有效性的文献。动物的可用性以及将它们围在杂草上或下的能力至关重要。牧场上的杂草是最合适的控制对象，尽管有时可耕种的杂草，林业和荒地可以通过放牧来控制。尽管放牧动物本身通常会在牧场上引起杂草问题，但调整放牧时间或强度或两者有时可以弥补平衡。绵羊或牛的放养率增加会阻止动物有选择地放牧，并有助于控制某些杂草。调节放牧压力还可以改善所需牧草种类的生长，从而使它们更具竞争力，并能够抵抗一年生或两年生杂草的入侵。引入不同种类的牲畜，例如将绵羊放到牛群中或将山羊放进绵羊系统中，可以控制许多杂草。山羊能够浏览并控制多刺或有毒刷杂草，包括金雀花和常春藤，而不会受到不利影响。举例说明了使用放牧动物防治作物和林业中的杂草。

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