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Impact of Herbicides Applied Annually for Twenty-three Years in a Deciduous Orchard

机译：落叶果园二十三年每年施用除草剂的影响

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摘要

A semi- and high-density apple and peach orchard was established at Blacksburg, VA. Starting 1 yr after transplanting, tree rows were treated with paraquat, 2,4-D, or amitrole plus simazine for 4 yr. Thereafter, diuron, simazine, or terbacil was applied in conjunction with paraquat or glyphosate. During the 12th growing season, young trees planted between existing trees failed to make proper growth. Oat bioassay of soils collected from treated rows revealed that the tree row topsoil (0 to 7.5 cm) produced less oat biomass than did deeper row soils (to 30 cm) or soils' of corresponding depths from adjacent non-treated tall fescue sod alleyways. Poor growth of trees may have been related to other factors (competition from older trees, drought conditions, etc.) since herbicide residues in the upper 7.5 cm would have little effect on tree roots below this depth. After 3 yr the trees developed normally. Tree rows became heavily infested with weeds 1 yr following cessation of 23 yr of consecutive herbicide treatments.
机译：在弗吉尼亚州的布莱克斯堡建立了半高密度的苹果和桃园。移植后1年开始，用百草枯，2,4-D或阿米特尔加辛嗪处理树木行4年。之后，将敌草隆，辛嗪或特巴西酯与百草枯或草甘膦联用。在第12个生长季节，现有树木之间种植的幼树未能正常生长。从经过处理的行收集的土壤中进行的燕麦生物测定表明，与较深的行土壤（至30 cm）或距未处理的高羊茅草皮小巷的相应深度的土壤相比，树行的表层土壤（0至7.5 cm）产生的燕麦生物量要少。树木生长不良可能与其他因素（来自老树的竞争，干旱条件等）有关，因为在7.5厘米上方的除草剂残留物对该深度以下的树根几乎没有影响。 3年后，树木正常发育。在连续23年停止使用除草剂后1年，树木成排严重被杂草侵扰。

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