Distribution, Biology, and Management of Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Maculosa)

Roger l. Sheley; James S. Jacobs; Michael F. Carpinelli

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Distribution, Biology, and Management of Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Maculosa)

机译：扩散的矢车菊（Centaurea diffusa）和斑节的矢车菊（Centaurea Maculosa）的分布，生物学和管理

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Diffuse knapweed, a biennial or short-lived perennial, and spotted knapweed, a perennial, are taprooted Eurasian weeds invading rangeland in the western United States and Canada. Knapweed (Centaurea spp.)invasion is associated with reductions in biodiversity, wildlife, and livestock forage, and increased erosion. Spotted knapweed grows to about 1 m and usually has purple flowers, whereas diffuse knapweed is slightly shorter, usually with white flowers. Persistent flower bracts on diffuse knapweed bear a rigid terminal spine about 8 mm long with four or five pairs of shorter lateral spines.

机译：两年生或短寿命的多年生弥散性矢车菊，以及多年生的斑状矢车菊是入侵美国西部和加拿大牧场的欧亚大陆杂草。矢车菊（矢车菊属）的入侵与生物多样性，野生生物和牲畜饲料的减少以及侵蚀增加有关。斑点的藜植物长约1 m，通常有紫色的花朵，而扩散的藜则稍短，通常有白色的花朵。散布的矢车菊上的持久花片带有约8毫米长的刚性终生脊柱，上面有四对或五对较短的侧棘。

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《Weed technology》 |1998年第2期|p.353-362|共10页
作者
Roger l. Sheley; James S. Jacobs; Michael F. Carpinelli;
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1. Distribution of Urophora affinis and U-quadrifasciata (Diptera : Tephritidae) for biological control of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) and diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) in Michigan [J] . Lang RF, Richard RD, Winkler J, The Great Lakes Entomologist . 2001,第1期

机译：密歇根州的斑节菜（Centaurea maculosa）和弥散性菜花（Centaurea diffusa）的Urophora affinis和U-quadrifasciata（Diptera：Tephritidae）的分布
2. Attack of Urophora quadrifasciata (Meig.) (Diiptera : Tephritidae) a biological control agent for spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa lamarck) and diffuse knapweed (C. diffusa lamarck) (Asteraceae) by a parasitoid, Pteromalus sp (Hymenoptera : Ptero [J] . Long RF, Winkler J, Hansen RW The Great Lakes Entomologist . 2003,第1a2期

机译：拟寄生虫Pteromalus sp（Hymenoptera：Pteromalus sp（Hymenoptera：Peromalus sp。
3. The Response of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), and Meadow Hawkweed (Hieracium caespitosum) to Imazapic1 [J] . SANDRA L. SHINN and DONALD C. THILL Weed Technology . 2003,第1期

机译：黄色始hist（Centaurea solstitialis），斑节菜（Centaurea maculosa）和Meadow Hawkweed（Hieracium caespitosum）对Imazapic 1 的响应
4. Systems approach for the management of Russian knapweed [C] . Rick M.Bottoms, Thomas D.Whitson Annual Meeting of the North Central Weed Science Society . 1998

机译：俄罗斯Knapweed管理的系统方法
5. Hybridization between spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa): Patterns and implications for invasion. [D] . Blair, Amy C. 2008

机译：点状矢车菊（Centaurea stoebe）和弥漫性矢车菊（Centaurea diffusa）之间的杂交：入侵的模式和意义。
6. Hybridization and invasion: an experimental test with diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.) [O] . Amy C Blair, Dana Blumenthal, Ruth A Hufbauer 2012

机译：杂交和入侵：扩散的矢车菊（Centaurea diffusa Lam。）的实验测试
7. AGAPETA ZOEGANA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: COCHYLIDAE), A SUITABLE PROSPECT FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SPOTTED AND DIFFUSE KNAPWEED, CENTAUREA MACULOSA MONNET DE LA MARCK AND CENTAUREA DIFFUSA MONNET DE LA MARCK (COMPOSITAE) IN NORTH AMERICA [O] . Müller, H., Schroeder, D., Gassmann, A. 2017

机译：AGAPETA ZOEGANA（L.）（LEPIDOPTERA：COCHYLIDAE），对散斑和扩散的DI鱼，百里香中的马科洛萨MONNET DE LA MARCK和百里香中的CENTAUREA DIFFUSA MONNET DE LA MARCK（组成）进行生物控制的适宜前景
8. Plant Community Diversity After Herbicide Control of Spotted Knapweed [R] . Rice, P. M., Bedunah, D. J., Carlson, C. E. 1992

机译：植物群落多样性对斑点状矢车菊除草剂的防治作用

Distribution, Biology, and Management of Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea Maculosa)

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