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首页> 外文期刊>The wilson journal of ornithology >INFLUENCE OF HABITAT STRUCTURE AND FRUIT AVAILABILITY ON USE OF A NORTHEASTERN STOPOVER SITE BY FALL SONGBIRDS
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INFLUENCE OF HABITAT STRUCTURE AND FRUIT AVAILABILITY ON USE OF A NORTHEASTERN STOPOVER SITE BY FALL SONGBIRDS

机译：栖息地结构和水果可用性对降雪松使用东北中途停留地的影响

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Many studies have suggested that early successional habitats are important for fall migrant and resident birds. In light of this, we studied habitat relationships, preferred fruiting shrub species, and fruit consumption by birds in early successional habitats during the fall at Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge, Alabama, New York, USA. We used transects to count birds in 12 shrub and 6 early successional forest sites during 2008-2009, and collected data to construct habitat models. We examined frugivory using a paired open/enclosed fruit branch experiment and by analyzing fecal samples of birds captured in mist nets. More fall songbirds were detected in shrublands than in forests across the 2 years, although forests with well-developed understories also had high detection levels. Total bird abundance was positively related to fruiting species richness and negatively related to small woody stem (0.0-2.5 cm) abundance. Abundance of American Robins (Turdus migratorius) was positively related to total shrub cover and fruit abundance on common buckthorns (Rhamnus cathartica), and negatively related to small and large (2.5-8.0 cm) stem abundance. Abundance of Gray Catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis) was positively related to fruiting shrub species richness. Abundance of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) was positively related to gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa) fruit abundance, and negatively related to small stem abundance and bella honeysuckle (Lonicera × bella) fruit abundance. Fecal analysis suggested that birds as a whole disproportionately consumed fruit species relative to availability, and consumed more bella honeysuckle and common buckthorn than gray dogwood. Fewer fruits remained on open branches than enclosed branches, suggesting birds actively consumed fruits at our sites. Our results suggest that fall migrant and resident songbirds as a whole benefit more from mature shrublands that contain a diversity of fruiting shrub species than from early successional forests. While these characteristics may benefit the suite of fall migrants and residents at our location, appropriate habitat management may differ for other locations or migratory species.
机译：许多研究表明，早期演替栖息地对于秋天的​​迁徙鸟类和常住鸟类很重要。有鉴于此，我们研究了秋天期间美国纽约阿拉巴马州易洛魁人国家野生动物保护区在早期演替生境中鸟类的栖息地关系，首选的灌木灌木种类以及鸟类食用水果的情况。我们在2008年至2009年间使用样带对12个灌木丛和6个早期演替森林地点的鸟类进行了计数，并收集了数据以构建栖息地模型。我们使用配对的开放式/封闭式水果分支实验并通过分析在雾状网中捕获的鸟类粪便样本检查了节食。在过去的两年中，灌木林中发现的秋季鸣禽数量多于森林，尽管林下植被发达的森林也具有较高的检出水平。鸟类的总丰度与果实物种丰富度呈正相关，与小木茎（0.0-2.5厘米）的丰度负相关。美国罗宾（Turdus migratorius）的丰度与普通沙棘（Rhamnus cathartica）的总灌木盖度和果实丰度成正相关，与大小不一（2.5-8.0 cm）的茎丰度负相关。灰Cat（Dumetella carolinensis）的丰度与结果灌木物种丰富度呈正相关。 Song Sparrows（Melospiza melodia）的丰度与灰色山茱（（Cornus racemosa）果实的丰度呈正相关，与小茎的丰度和贝拉的金银花（Lonicera×bella）的果实呈负相关。粪便分析表明，相对于可获得性，鸟类总体上消耗的水果种类过多，并且比灰色山茱consumed消耗更多的金银花和常见的沙棘。与封闭的树枝相比，开放的树枝上残留的水果更少，这表明鸟类在我们的所在地积极地消耗水果。我们的研究结果表明，秋天的迁徙鸟和驻地鸣鸟作为一个整体，其受益于成熟灌木丛，而灌木丛包含多种结果性灌木物种，而不是早期演替森林。尽管这些特征可能会使我们所在地区的秋季移徙者和居民受益，但其他地区或迁徙物种的适当栖息地管理可能有所不同。

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