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Modelling the Yaw Behaviour of a Small Wind Turbine

机译：小型风力发电机的偏航行为建模

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This paper develops a mathematical model for a small wind turbine responding to changes in the wind direction. Here "small" implies that the turbine has a tail fin. Good yaw behaviour, in terms of tracking the changes in wind direction, is necessary to maximize power extraction. However large rates of change of yaw can lead to large stresses in the turbine components. The unsteady tail fin loads are more complex than implied by the "pseudo-static" assumption that the steady-state lift and drag act instantaneously. The aerodynamic model is applied first to data obtained from a 5 kW experimental turbine when it was not extracting power, because this almost removes the effect of the blades from the yaw behaviour. MATLAB's systems identification toolbox was used to optimise the fit of the model parameters to the data. The resulting values of a number of the parameters are shown to be in good agreement with earlier wind tunnel tests of the tail fin design. Some details of the comparisons, mainly in terms of the higher frequency components, suggest the need to characterise similarly the dynamics of wind vanes. When the turbine was extracting power, the flexible blades were deflected backwards by the aerodynamic loads. A blade element analysis suggests that the stabilizing moment due to this "coning" does not alter the form of the yaw response equation. The optimised fit of the model equations gave changes in the parameters broadly in agreement with the blade element analysis, but the quasi-steady analysis did not predict the measured increase in the damping associated with power extraction.
机译：本文针对风向的变化建立了小型风力发电机的数学模型。此处“小”表示涡轮机具有尾鳍。就跟踪风向的变化而言，良好的偏航性能对于最大化功率提取是必要的。但是，较大的偏航变化率会导致涡轮机部件承受较大的应力。不稳定的尾鳍载荷比“伪静态”假设所隐含的更为复杂，“假定静态”假设稳态升力和阻力瞬时起作用。在不提取功率的情况下，首先将空气动力学模型应用于从5 kW实验涡轮获得的数据，因为这几乎消除了叶片的偏航性能。 MATLAB的系统识别工具箱用于优化模型参数与数据的拟合度。结果表明，许多参数的结果值与早期的尾鳍设计风洞测试非常吻合。比较的一些细节（主要是在高频分量方面）表明，需要类似地表征风向标的动态特性。当涡轮机获取动力时，柔性叶片在空气动力载荷的作用下向后偏转。叶片元件分析表明，由于这种“锥度”而引起的稳定力矩不会改变偏航响应方程的形式。模型方程的优化拟合使参数的变化大致与叶片单元分析一致，但准稳态分析并未预测与功率提取相关的阻尼测量值的增加。

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