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Analysis of optimal threshold selection for spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network: an energy detection approach

机译：认知无线电网络中频谱感知的最佳阈值选择分析：一种能量检测方法

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摘要

The spectrum sensing is a key process of the cognitive radio technology in which the cognitive users identify the unutilized/underutilized primary users (PUs)/licensed users spectrum for its efficient utilization. The sensing performance of cognitive radio (CR) is generally measured in terms of false-alarm probability (P-f) and detection probability (P-d). IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area network is one of the typical cognitive radio standards to access unused licensed frequencies of TV band and according to this standard, the false-alarm probability of CR should be <= 0.1 and the detection probability must be >= 0.9. Further, the detection and false-alarm probabilities are greatly affected by the selected threshold value in the spectrum sensing approach and selection of threshold is a crucial step to yield the status (presence/absence) of PU. In most of the available literatures, the threshold is decided by fixing one parameter (P-f or P-d) and optimizing the other parameter (Pd or Pf). Moreover, at low SNR, while achieving one of the targeted sensing parameter, there is significant degradation in the other sensing parameter. Therefore, in this paper, we are motivated to decide the optimal threshold at low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) in such a way where we can jointly achieve both sensing matrices (P-f <= 0.1 and P-d >= 0.9) and provided better sensing performance in comparison to that of the traditional constant false-alarm rate and constant detection rate (CDR) threshold selection approaches. Further, we have illustrated that at low SNR, the proposed optimal threshold selection approach has provided better throughput as compare to that of the threshold selected by traditional CDR approach. The proposed approach has improved throughput approximately 24.63% when compared with CDR at chosen SNR.
机译：频谱感测是认知无线电技术的关键过程，在认知无线电技术中，认知用户识别未利用/未充分利用的主要用户（PU）/许可用户频谱以进行有效利用。认知无线电（CR）的感测性能通常根据错误警报概率（P-f）和检测概率（P-d）来衡量。 IEEE 802.22无线局域网是访问未使用的电视频段许可频率的典型认知无线电标准之一，根据该标准，CR的误报警概率应<= 0.1，检测概率必须> = 0.9。此外，在频谱感测方法中，所选择的阈值极大地影响了检测和虚警概率，并且阈值的选择是产生PU的状态（存在/不存在）的关键步骤。在大多数可用文献中，通过固定一个参数（P-f或P-d）并优化另一个参数（Pd或Pf）来确定阈值。而且，在低SNR下，在实现目标感测参数之一的同时，另一感测参数明显劣化。因此，在本文中，我们有动机决定以低SNR（信噪比）的方式确定最佳阈值，以便我们可以共同实现两个感测矩阵（Pf <= 0.1和Pd> = 0.9）并提供与传统的恒定误报率和恒定检测率（CDR）阈值选择方法相比，具有更好的感测性能。此外，我们已经说明，与传统CDR方法选择的阈值相比，在低SNR时，建议的最佳阈值选择方法提供了更好的吞吐量。与CDR在选定的SNR相比，所提出的方法已将吞吐量提高了约24.63％。

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