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Dynamic user preference based group vertical handoffs in heterogeneous wireless networks: a non-cooperative game approach

机译：异构无线网络中基于动态用户偏好的组垂直切换：非合作博弈方法

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摘要

When a group of Mobile Users (MUs) equipped with multi-mode or multi-home terminals, like passengers on board a bus or a train or a car, moves from one wireless network (WN) to another WN within a heterogeneous wireless network (HWN) environment, request vertical handoffs simultaneously, a group vertical handoff (GVHO) occurs. In literature, the prevailing research work is mainly concerned for forced GVHO with network aspects like signal strength and bandwidth etc. while in reality the user initiated GVHO with the user aspects like price, power consumption and velocity etc. along with their respective user preferences is more important for performing vertical handoffs in HWNs. In user initiated GVHO, selection of the mutually best WN-MU pair which can maximise network revenue of constituent WN as well as user satisfaction of MU in a group while minimising the simultaneous selection of a WN by multiple MU of the group is a challenging problem. This paper proposes a GVHO decision model based on non-cooperative game which utilizes multiple handoff decision attributes and their respective user preferences calculated dynamically on real-time basis as the game strategies to select the best available WNs by group MUs at NASH equilibrium for vertical handoffs. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated in terms of number of GVHOs, price of anarchy and price of stability for both group of MUs and WNs. The simulation results show that the proposed model results in minimum number of GVHOs as compared to existing GVHO models and maximisation of user satisfaction and network revenue.
机译：当一组配备有多模式或多家庭终端的移动用户（MU）（例如公共汽车，火车或汽车上的乘客）从异构无线网络中的一个无线网络（WN）移至另一个WN（ HWN）环境中，同时请求垂直切换，则发生组垂直切换（GVHO）。在文献中，流行的研究工作主要涉及具有信号强度和带宽等网络方面的强制GVHO，而实际上，用户以价格，功耗和速度等用户方面以及他们各自的用户偏好来发起GVHO。对于在HWN中执行垂直切换更为重要。在用户发起的GVHO中，选择互惠互利的WN-MU对可以最大程度地提高组内WN的网络收入以及用户对MU的满意度，同时最小化该组中多个MU同时选择WN是一个具有挑战性的问题。本文提出了一种基于非合作博弈的GVHO决策模型，该模型利用多个切换决策属性及其各自的实时动态计算的用户偏好作为博弈策略，通过NASH均衡下的组MU为垂直切换选择最佳可用WN。 。根据GVHO的数量，无政府状态的价格以及MU和WN组的稳定性的价格来评估所提出模型的性能。仿真结果表明，与现有的GVHO模型相比，该模型的GVHO数量最少，并且用户满意度和网络收入均达到了最大化。

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