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Formelle Vorgaben des Art. 33 GG für die Berufung von Hochschullehrern

机译：GG 33条对任命大学讲师的正式要求

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Die Frage, ob aus Artikel 33 GG für ?ffentliche ?mter eine generelle Ausschreibungspflicht gefolgert werden kann, wird nach wie vor uneinheitlich beantwortet. Besonders virulent wird diese Problematik bei der Ausschreibung der Stellen der Hochschullehrer, für die das einfache Recht weitgehende Freistellungen von einer Ausschreibungspflicht begründet. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass derartige Normen in weiten Teilen verfassungswidrig sind.%According to the principle of achievement anchored in Article 33 (2) of the Basic Law (Grundgesetz — GG), every German is equally eligible for any public office according to his aptitude, qualifications and professional achievements alone. The principle set down in Article 33 (2) of the Basic Law is constitutionally guaranteed without reservation and unrestrictedly. Based on the principle of the unity of the constitution it can therefore only be restricted by other rights and principles set down in the constitution in the course of practical concordance.rnAs an "expression of constitutional democratic equality", Article 33 (2) of the Basic Law also guarantees a right that is equivalent to a fundamental right and therefore contains a general obligation to public notification of any vacancies. In order that one can speak of "equal" access, the enforcement of a constitutionally characterized legal position always requires procedural organization. Indeed, only the knowledge of a vacancy, only the general "transfer of knowledge" that there is a vacancy in public office enable the principle of performance to come into effect and actually make "equal access" achievable for the individual candidate.rnThe advertisement of vacancies for professors can therefore regularly only be waivered on the grounds of Section 45 (2) of the General Act of Higher Education (Hochschulrahmengesetz - HRG) and its concretizations in the laws of the Lander if the legal restrictions can be directly justified by the academic freedom guaranteed in Article 5 (3) of the Basic Law. Even if the appointment of professors directly affects the "self-renewal" of the higher education corporation and the appointment procedures determine the ones that are really responsible for free research and teaching within the universities and, based on Article 5 (3) of the Basic Law, the university basically has a constitutionally protected assessment competence regarding the applicant's qualification for a university post, regulations that lead to a situation in which junior professors are not offered a chair or, in the framework of the so called "Genius clause" make it possible to waiver the advertisement of vacancies and thereby prevent a procedure of selecting the best candidates can not be justified by Article 5 (3) of the Basic Law. Article 5 (3) of the Basic Law in no way justifies an appointment without competition. By contrast, the removal of a time limit is no case of an appointment to public office that has to be measured against Article 33 (2) of the Basic Law. It is also possible to transfer the application procedures to an external funding institution if it is suitable to comply with the legal requirements of Article 5 (2) of the Basic Law.
机译：关于是否可以从《公务员条例》第33条推论出一般性招标义务的问题，仍然没有得到一致的回答。在对大学讲师的职位进行广告宣传时，这个问题变得尤为严重，为此，简单权利可以广泛地免除广告宣传义务。该文章表明，这种规范在很大程度上违反宪法。％根据《基本法》第三十三条第二款（格伦杰塞茨-GG）中确立的成就原则，每个德国人都根据自己的才能有同等资格担任任何公职，学历和专业成就。 《宪法》不加保留地，不受限制地保障了《基本法》第三十三条第二款规定的原则。因此，基于宪法统一性原则，它只能在实践上协调一致的过程中受到宪法中规定的其他权利和原则的限制。作为《宪法民主平等的表达》，《宪法》第33条第2款《基本法》还保障了一项与基本权利等效的权利，因此包含了公开通知任何空缺的一般义务。为了使人们可以说“平等”的使用权，执行具有宪法特征的法律地位始终需要程序上的组织。实际上，只有职位空缺的知识，只有公职职位空缺的一般性“知识转移”才能使绩效原则生效，并使个人候选人实际上可以实现“平等访问”。因此，只有在法律上的限制可以由学术界直接证明的情况下，才能根据《高等教育普通法》（Hochschulrahmengesetz-HRG）第45（2）条及其对兰德法律的具体化规定，放弃教授职位空缺。 《基本法》第五条第三款保障的自由。即使教授的任命直接影响了高等教育机构的“自我更新”，并且任命程序也根据《基本法》第5条第3款确定真正负责大学内部免费研究和教学的人法律规定，大学基本上具有关于申请人担任大学职位的资格的受宪法保护的评估能力，导致未提供初级教授担任主席的情况的规定，或者在所谓的“天才条款”的框架内做出规定《基本法》第五条第3款不能证明有可能放弃空缺的广告，从而阻止选择最佳候选人的程序。 《基本法》第5条第3款绝不为没有竞争的任命辩护。相比之下，取消时限并不是要根据《基本法》第三十三条第二款衡量公职任命的情况。如果适合遵守《基本法》第五条第二款的法律要求，也可以将申请程序移交给外部资助机构。

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