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Variability of the compression properties of cork

机译：软木压缩特性的变异性

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摘要

The variability of the compression properties of cork was determined after field sampling covering the main production area in Portugal (10 sites) with samples taken from 20 trees per site at the time of cork stripping. In all cases, cork showed compressive stress-strain curves typical for cellular materials, which are characterized by an approximately "elastic" region up to a 5 % strain, followed by a large plateau up to 70 % strain caused by progressive buckling of cell walls, and a steep stress increase for higher strains corresponding to cell collapse. The radial direction of compression offered higher strength. The Young's moduli averaged 10.4 and 9.2 MPa for radial and non-radial directions, respectively, spreading from 3.5 to 22.5 MPa for the non-radial and 4.2 to 21.5 MPa for the radial directions. The geographical location of cork production was the major factor of variability. Density, annual growth ring width and chemical composition influenced compression. Cork samples with higher density showed overall larger resistance to compression. The energy absorbed per unit volume to achieve the maximal deformation with full densification of cork is higher when the average annual ring width is smaller. Cork samples with relatively higher suberin content required less stress for deformation. The results encompass the natural variability of cork and are the most extensive to characterize cork. They allow a better insight into the differences that may explain the variation in cork properties and strengthen its use either in the known applications, i.e. as a sealant, or in novel applications.
机译：在覆盖葡萄牙主要生产区域（10个地点）的现场采样之后，从软木剥离时从每个站点的20棵树中采集的样本进行实地采样，然后确定软木压缩特性的变异性。在所有情况下，软木塞均表现出典型的细胞材料的压缩应力-应变曲线，其特征是在大约5％的应变下具有大约“弹性”区域，然后由于细胞壁的逐渐屈曲而导致了高达70％的大平稳段，并且对应于细胞崩溃的较高应变的应力急剧增加。压缩的径向方向提供了更高的强度。径向和非径向的杨氏模量分别平均为10.4和9.2 MPa，非径向的杨氏模量分别为3.5至22.5 MPa，径向的扩展为4.2至21.5 MPa。软木塞生产的地理位置是变化的主要因素。密度，年轮宽度和化学成分影响压缩。具有更高密度的软木样品显示出总体上更大的抗压缩性。当年平均环宽度较小时，在软木塞完全密实的情况下达到最大变形的每单位体积吸收的能量较高。木栓素含量相对较高的软木样品变形所需的应力较小。结果涵盖了软木塞的自然变异性，是表征软木塞的最广泛方法。它们可以更好地了解可能解释软木性能变化的差异，并加强其在已知应用中（即作为密封剂）或在新颖应用中的用途。

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  • 来源
    《Wood Science and Technology》 |2014年第5期|937-948|共12页
  • 作者

    Vanda Oliveira; M. Emilia Rosa; Helena Pereira;

  • 作者单位

    Centro de Estudos Florestais, Institute Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;

    ICEMS-Instituto de Ciencia e Engenharia de Materiais e Superficies, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;

    Centro de Estudos Florestais, Institute Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;

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