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Global value chain perspective of US-China trade and employment

机译：中美贸易与就业的全球价值链视角

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摘要

Employment impact of trade is an issue of long debate. Recent literature seems to focus on partial equilibrium analysis of the jobs destruction in the US due to import competition from low-cost countries, particularly from China. However, as noted in World Investment Report 2011 (WIR, 2012), indirect employment generated by trade can be substantial, in addition to jobs directly generated by trade, to which end a general equilibrium model is more relevant. Just as in a relay game, it makes little sense to award or punish only the last runner. In this paper, a global value chain approach is adopted to examine the effects of the US-China trade on employment. By using a recently constructed world input-output data, it is made possible to account for jobs created along the value chain process. It is found that China's exports to the US and to the world had created more job opportunities for its trade partners than any other countries in the world. Further, China's exports to the US and to the world tended to generate more employment opportunities for the US services sector, while US exports created more manufacturing jobs for the Chinese workers. Finally, in both countries' exports the typical value chain products such as electrical and optical equipment were the most effective creators of jobs for both countries. In line with recent work of global value chains, our work sheds light on the employment effects of interconnected trade and provides an alternative interpretation for the impact of the US-China trade on employment.
机译：贸易对就业的影响是一个长期争论的问题。近期的文献似乎集中在对来自低成本国家（尤其是中国）的进口竞争导致的美国就业岗位破坏的部分均衡分析。但是，正如《 2011年世界投资报告》（世界投资报告，2012年）所指出的那样，除贸易直接创造的就业机会外，贸易产生的间接就业也可能是可观的，为此，一般均衡模型更为重要。就像接力赛一样，仅奖励或惩罚最后一名选手几乎没有意义。本文采用全球价值链方法研究美中贸易对就业的影响。通过使用最近构建的世界输入输出数据，可以考虑沿价值链过程创建的工作。发现中国对美国和世界的出口为其贸易伙伴创造了比世界上任何其他国家更多的就业机会。此外，中国对美国和世界的出口往往会为美国服务业创造更多的就业机会，而美国的出口为中国工人创造了更多的就业机会。最后，在两国的出口中，典型的价值链产品（如电气和光学设备）是两国创造就业机会的最有效手段。与全球价值链的最新工作相一致，我们的工作揭示了相互联系的贸易对就业的影响，并为中美贸易对就业的影响提供了另一种解释。

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  • 来源
    《The World Economy》 |2018年第8期|1941-1964|共24页
  • 作者

    Lin Guijun; Wang Fei; Pei Jiansuo;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Int Business & Econ, Sch Int Trade & Econ, Beijing, Peoples R China;

    Univ Int Business & Econ, Sch Int Trade & Econ, Beijing, Peoples R China;

    Univ Int Business & Econ, Sch Int Trade & Econ, Beijing, Peoples R China;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    China; employment; global value chain; the US; trade;

    机译：中国;就业;全球价值链;美国;贸易;

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