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How did investor-state dispute settlement get a bad rap? Blame it on NAFTA, of course

机译:投资者与国家之间的争端解决如何得到不良说唱?当然要怪罪北美自由贸易协定

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摘要

In the short history of the US bilateral investment treaty (BIT) programme, there have been no instances of dispute settlement cases initiated against the United States by firms from BIT countries. The NAFTA experience changed that. Where other studies have only hinted at the reasons for NAFTA controversies, this paper makes clear three causal factors: (i) changing patterns and intensity of FDI, (ii) the application of those rules to developed countries amid those changing FDI patterns and (iii) ambiguities in ISDS rules themselves. The paper explores these and traces the ways in which lessons of the NAFTA have been instrumental in changing the pursuit of investment protection agreements. BITs used to be uncontroversial, but the NAFTA focused attention on reforms to ISDS that maintain the utility of BITs in the governance of FDI, without creating a legal structure for simply challenging the state.
机译:在美国双边投资条约(BIT)计划的短暂历史中,没有发生BIT国家的公司针对美国提起的争端解决案件。 NAFTA的经验改变了这一点。在其他研究仅暗示了NAFTA争议的原因的情况下,本文明确了三个因果关系:(i)外国直接投资的方式和强度不断变化,(ii)在那些外国直接投资模式不断变化的情况下将这些规则适用于发达国家和(iii )本身就是ISDS规则中的歧义。本文探讨了这些内容,并追溯了NAFTA的经验教训如何有助于改变对投资保护协议的追求。双边投资协定曾经是没有争议的,但是北美自由贸易协定将注意力集中在对ISDS的改革上,该改革保持了BIT在外国直接投资的治理中的效用,却没有建立一个简单地挑战国家的法律结构。

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