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A review of alcohol consumption and alcohol control policies

机译：酒精消费和酒精控制政策回顾

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature on alcohol consumption, the externality cost of alcohol consumption, and the effectiveness of policy options. Design/methodology/approach – Evidence on the cost to society of alcohol consumption, the amount of excise tax collected, the demand response of consumers, and the effectiveness of alcohol-control policies is reviewed. Findings – Alcohol excise taxes generally, but not everywhere, fail to recover the externality costs placed on society that arise from alcohol consumption. Where externality costs are greater than excise revenue higher excise taxes are one effective and appropriate policy response. Complementary policies to higher excise taxes are likely to include: the provision of more information about harmful effects to consumers, especially the young; greater enforcement of drunk-driving laws and zero tolerance drunk-driving laws for young drivers. Restrictions on the opening hours of late night venues may have a modest impact on reducing costs, while advertising restrictions are unlikely to be effective. Originality/value – Typically. articles on alcohol consider a single issue. This review paper brings together information from both the health stream of alcohol studies and the economics stream of alcohol studies and provides a useful survey and synthesis of the literature.
机译：目的–本文的目的是介绍有关酒精消费，酒精消费的外部成本和政策选择的有效性的文献。设计/方法/方法–审查了以下方面的证据：对社会的酒精消费成本，征收的消费税金额，消费者的需求反应以及酒精控制政策的有效性。调查结果–酒精消费税总体而言，但并非在所有地方，都无法弥补酒精消费给社会带来的外部成本。在外部性成本大于消费税的地方，较高的消费税是一种有效而适当的政策应对措施。更高的消费税补充政策可能包括：提供更多有关对消费者特别是年轻人的有害影响的信息；加强针对年轻驾驶员的酒后驾驶法律和零容忍酒后驾驶法律。限制深夜场馆的开放时间可能会对降低成本产生适度的影响，而广告限制不太可能有效。创意/价值-通常。有关酒精的文章仅考虑一个问题。这篇综述文章汇集了酒精研究的健康流和酒精研究的经济学流的信息，并提供了有用的调查和文献综述。

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