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Modeling the Health Effects and Economic Costs of Particulate Matter Emissions from High Volume Hydraulic Fracturing

机译：大量水力压裂产生的颗粒物排放对健康的影响和经济成本建模

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摘要

With natural gas drilling on the rise (Penn State, 2012), there is a general lack of data on the emissions from the entire lifecycle of hydraulic fracturing. This research project is designed to study the health impacts of emissions from high volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) production and at HVHF well sites. Using data from previous research (Korfmacher et al., 2015 and Korfmacher et al., 2016) and the Environmental Protections Agency's Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program - Community Edition (BenMAP-CE), estimated health impacts and economic costs of emissions are analyzed. This study models the health impacts and economic costs of particulate matter (PM), an inhalable pollutant known to cause adverse health effects (OAR US EPA 2016a). Specifically, the study focuses on emissions at unconventional wells associated with HVHF in Pennsylvania. Based on modeling results, 2,000-5,000 people throughout Pennsylvania are being impacted by PM emissions released during HVHF activities, with higher percentages of the population per grid cell (0.01%-0.25%) impacted near well site locations, as compared to other parts of the state (0.0001%-0.006%). This study found that emissions from PM generated during HVHF activities in Pennsylvania during the years 2011-2015 would result in an estimated 2,100-5,300 premature deaths with 95% confidence intervals of 600-3,500 deaths and 2,400-8,000 deaths respectively. The cost of these premature mortalities are estimated to be $14 billion-$37 with 95% confidence intervals of $1 billion-$34 billion and $4 billion-$79 billion respectively. This study shows that there is an increased risk of mortality from PM released during HVHF activities near well sites that appears to be currently underreported due to a lack of EPA monitors in rural parts of the country. This study acts as a guide to highlight problem areas in rural parts of the country, where monitoring stations are lacking and emissions from wells are relatively high.
机译：随着天然气钻井的增加（Penn State，2012），普遍缺乏水力压裂整个生命周期的排放数据。该研究项目旨在研究大体积水力压裂（HVHF）生产以及HVHF井场排放物对健康的影响。使用先前研究的数据（Korfmacher等人，2015和Korfmacher等人，2016）和环境保护局的《环境效益图和分析计划-社区版》（BenMAP-CE），分析估计的健康影响和排放的经济成本。本研究对颗粒物（PM）的健康影响和经济成本进行建模，颗粒物（PM）是一种可吸入的污染物，已知会造成不良的健康影响（OAR US EPA 2016a）。具体而言，该研究的重点是宾夕法尼亚州与HVHF相关的非常规井的排放。根据建模结果，整个宾夕法尼亚州有2,000-5,000人受到HVHF活动期间释放的PM排放的影响，与井网其他位置相比，每个网格单元的人口百分比较高（0.01％-0.25％）状态（0.0001％-0.006％）。这项研究发现，宾夕法尼亚州HVHF活动期间在2011-2015年期间产生的PM排放估计会导致2,100-5,300人过早死亡，其中95％的置信区间分别为600-3,500人死亡和2,400-8,000人死亡。这些过早死亡的成本估计为140亿美元至37美元，95％的置信区间分别为10亿美元至340亿美元和40亿美元至790亿美元。这项研究表明，由于该国农村地区缺乏EPA监测仪，井场附近的HVHF活动期间释放的PM致死的风险增加，目前看来这一数据被低估了。这项研究可作为指南，着重指出该国农村地区的问题地区，那里缺少监测站，井的排放量相对较高。

著录项

  • 作者

    Steinheimer, Marissa.;

  • 作者单位

    Rochester Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予单位 Rochester Institute of Technology.;
  • 学科 Environmental science.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 61 p.
  • 总页数 61
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 公共建筑;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:41:24

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