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首页> 外文学位 >Biogeochemical cycling processes of metals (copper and lead) in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay.
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Biogeochemical cycling processes of metals (copper and lead) in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay.

机译：波士顿港，马萨诸塞州湾和科德角湾的金属（铜和铅）的生物地球化学循环过程。

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Distributions of dissolved Cu (Cudiss) and Pb (Pbdiss ) in the waters of Boston Harbor (BH), Massachusetts Bay (MB) and Cape Cod Bay (CCB) were simulated by integrating dissolved metals into an existing 3-D hydrodynamic model. Comparison with observed data (2003-2004) showed that, in the Bays, Cudiss could be successfully modeled as a conservative constituent and Pbdiss as a non-conservative one. The scavenging process of Pb was simulated using settling particulate organic carbon (POC) as a scavenging phase. In BH, the concentrations of Cudiss and Pbdiss have remained relatively constant over the past 15 years despite significant reduction in metal loading in the effluents. With all contemporary known metal sources input into the 2002 Harbor models, only 10% and 20% of observed Cudiss and Pbdiss distributions respectively could be accounted for. Incorporation of reasonable benthic fluxes of these elements provided in the model simulations resulted in satisfactory comparison between field observations. The model based analysis suggests that previously contaminated Harbor sediments are now a major source of these metals to the overlying water column. The models were also used to explore the sensitivity of the Harbor-Bays system to the changes on Cu and Pb sources quantitatively.;The developed trace metal model was then employed to assist the application of a sediment-water dynamic equilibrium model (SDEM) for Cu in BH and MB to describe the interdependence of copper concentrations between surface sediments and the overlying water column and to provide insights into regional and temporal changes in water column Cu speciation. Significant correlations between Cu and organic carbon concentrations were observed in surface sediments from surveys conducted in 2005 in BH and MB, and from earlier studies in BH in 1987 and in MB in 1995. Estimation of the temporal and spatial free cupric ion activities in BH and MB using the SDEM were done in conjunction with an organic carbon-based sediment conditional binding constant (beta*SED = 108.9) recently determined by Pala (2009). Competing strengths (alpha') of the natural ligands in the water column were also estimated based on the model-simulated Cudiss distributions in bottom water in the study region.
机译：通过将溶解的金属整合到现有的3-D水动力模型中，模拟了波士顿港（BH），马萨诸塞湾（MB）和鳕鱼角（CCB）水域中溶解铜（Cudiss）和铅（Pbdiss）的分布。与观察到的数据（2003-2004年）的比较表明，在海湾地区，可以将Cudiss成功地建模为保守成分，将Pbdiss成功地建模为非保守成分。使用沉降颗粒有机碳（POC）作为清除相模拟了Pb的清除过程。在BH中，尽管废水中的金属含量显着降低，但Cudiss和Pbdiss的浓度在过去15年中一直保持相对恒定。将所有当代已知的金属来源输入到2002 Harbor模型中，分别只能观察到Cudiss和Pbdiss分布的10％和20％。在模型模拟中结合使用这些元素的合理底栖通量，可以在野外观测之间获得令人满意的比较。基于模型的分析表明，以前被污染的港口沉积物现在是这些金属进入上覆水柱的主要来源。该模型还用于定量研究Harbour-Bays系统对铜和铅源变化的敏感性。然后，使用已开发的痕量金属模型协助应用沉积物-水动态平衡模型（SDEM） BH和MB中的Cu来描述表面沉积物和上覆水柱之间铜浓度的相互依赖性，并提供对水柱Cu形态的区域和时间变化的见解。从2005年在BH和MB进行的调查以及1987年在BH和1995年在MB进行的早期研究中，在表面沉积物中发现了Cu与有机碳浓度之间的显着相关性。使用SDEM进行的MB与最近由Pala（2009）确定的基于有机碳的沉积物条件结合常数（beta * SED = 108.9）结合使用。还基于模型模拟的研究区域底水中Cudiss分布，估算了水柱中天然配体的竞争强度（α'）。

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