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The Effects of Urbanization on Aquatic Insect Communities and Ecosystem Processes in a Medium-sized City

机译：城市化对中型城市水生昆虫群落和生态系统过程的影响

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摘要

Urbanization can have important and sometimes irreversible effects on the natural world. Over 50% of the human population now lives in cities and understanding the impacts to the ecosystems on which cities are built is important for the sustainability of future cities. Many ecological studies focus on larger cities; however, of the people who live in cities, half live in medium-sized cities characterized by lower urbanization and closer interactions with nature. In this dissertation I studied the effects of urbanization on headwater stream ecosystems in Greater Binghamton, a medium-sized city in upstate New York. Headwater streams are highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances and urbanization can affect stream insect communities and ecological functions. Between 2014 and 2017 I studied the aquatic insect biodiversity, functional group abundance and biomass, riparian cover, allochthonous and autochthonous energy pools, and leaf litter breakdown in paired downstream urban and upstream rural reach sites in headwater streams. I found that, like in streams in larger cities, aquatic insect taxonomic richness was lower in the urban than in the rural sites. This also impacted insect functional feeding group richness and abundance and potentially leaf litter breakdown. However, I also found that among-site insect beta-diversity was more heterogeneous among urban sites than among rural sites and that riparian cover and allochthonous and autochthonous energy pools were not different between urban and rural sites. These findings demonstrate more biodiversity than what has been reported previously in larger cities, and show that medium-sized cities can retain some biodiversity and natural stream features, likely due to heterogeneity of urban land use intensity.
机译：城市化可能对自然世界产生重要的，有时是不可逆的影响。现在，超过50％的人口生活在城市中，了解对城市所建立的生态系统的影响对于未来城市的可持续性至关重要。许多生态学研究集中在大城市上。但是，在城市居民中，有一半居住在城市化程度较低且与自然互动更紧密的中等城市。在这篇论文中，我研究了纽约州北部中型城市大宾厄姆顿市城市化对源头水流生态系统的影响。源头溪流对人为干扰高度敏感，城市化进程可能影响溪流昆虫群落和生态功能。在2014年至2017年之间，我研究了源头溪流下游城市和上游农村成对配对地点的水生昆虫生物多样性，功能群的丰度和生物量，河岸覆盖度，异源和本地能量池以及凋落物分解。我发现，就像大城市中的溪流一样，城市中水生昆虫的分类学丰富度低于农村地区。这也影响了昆虫功能性饲喂组的丰富度和丰度以及潜在的凋落物分解。但是，我还发现，与农村地区相比，城市地区之间的站点内昆虫β多样性更不均一，并且城乡之间河岸覆盖率，异源和本地能量池没有差异。这些发现表明，生物多样性比以前在大城市中报道的要多，并且表明中型城市可以保留某些生物多样性和自然流特征，这可能是由于城市土地利用强度的异质性所致。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lundquist, Matthew Joseph.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Binghamton.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Binghamton.;
  • 学科 Entomology.;Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 144 p.
  • 总页数 144
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 水产、渔业;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:52:54

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