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Three Essays on Economic Demography

机译:经济人口学三论

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There are three essays in my dissertation. The first essay examines the effect of participation in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program on the distribution of household labor supply. Receiving benefits from this subsidy program has two opposing effects on individual labor supply. Recipients have an incentive to work less since the subsidy program complements their job income. However, recipients also have an incentive to work more because the subsidy program covers part of their living costs thereby reducing the cost of working. This study examines the effects of the WIC program on the gender distribution of working hours in participating households by analyzing the importance of WIC program eligibility rules for household income. Results show that recipients respond to benefits differently: participating females work less while males work more. The second essay examines the impact of losing access to a government nutrition subsidy (the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program) on single mothers. Single mothers are more likely to find a partner if marriage or cohabitation as an outcome makes them feel economically safer and better off than they would feel as a single mother. This study uses the age of a household's youngest child as a running variable. When the youngest child reaches five years of age their household is no longer eligible for WIC benefits. This loss of benefits represents an exogenous shock with which I can estimate the impact of losing WIC program benefits and its impact on single mothers. Results show that single mothers are more likely to cohabitate with males once they lose WIC program benefits because of this age restriction. The third essay is a descriptive analysis of marriage market behaviors and individual demographic behaviors. Its research question regards whether there is any correlation between changes in intra-racial marriage market conditions and individual cohabitation behaviors. To address this question I use a two-period marriage model to explore the relationship between cohabitation and marriage market conditions. Results show that for males, the individual probability of cohabitation and interracial cohabitation is positively correlated with sex ratio and negatively correlated with population in the marriage market. For females, the probability of cohabitation is positively correlated with sex ratio and population in the marriage market. Interracial cohabitation is negatively correlated with sex ratio in the marriage market.
机译:我的论文中有三篇论文。第一篇文章探讨了参与妇女,婴儿和儿童(WIC)计划对家庭劳动力供应分配的影响。从这项补贴计划中获得收益对个人劳动力供应有两个相反的影响。由于补贴计划补充了他们的工作收入,因此受助人有减少工作的动机。但是,受助人也有更多工作的动力,因为补贴计划覆盖了一部分生活费用,从而降低了工作成本。本研究通过分析WIC计划资格规则对家庭收入的重要性,检验了WIC计划对参与家庭的工作时间性别分布的影响。结果表明,受助者对福利的反应不同:参与工作的女性工作较少,而男性工作较多。第二篇文章探讨了失去获得政府营养补贴(妇女,婴儿和儿童(WIC)计划)对单身母亲的影响。如果结婚或同居的结果使单身母亲比单身母亲更经济,更富裕,单身母亲更有可能找到伴侣。本研究使用家庭最小的孩子的年龄作为运行变量。当最小的孩子到五岁时,其家庭不再有资格获得WIC福利。福利的损失代表着一种外源性的冲击,我可以据此估计失去WIC计划福利的影响及其对单身母亲的影响。结果显示,由于年龄限制,单身母亲一旦失去WIC计划福利,就更有可能与男性同居。第三篇文章是对婚姻市场行为和个人人口行为的描述性分析。它的研究问题是关于种族内部婚姻市场状况的变化与个人同居行为之间是否存在任何相关性。为了解决这个问题,我使用了两个时期的婚姻模型来探讨同居与婚姻市场条件之间的关系。结果表明,在婚姻市场上,男性同居和异族同居的个体概率与性别比正相关,与人口负相关。对于女性而言,同居的可能性与婚姻市场中的性别比和人口呈正相关。在婚姻市场上,异族同居与性别比呈负相关。

著录项

  • 作者

    Zhang, Zeyu.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at Dallas.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at Dallas.;
  • 学科 Economic theory.;Labor economics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 107 p.
  • 总页数 107
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 康复医学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:53:05

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