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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation >Humanelephant conflict: Do elephants contribute to low mean grades in schools within elephant ranges?
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Humanelephant conflict: Do elephants contribute to low mean grades in schools within elephant ranges?

机译：人类大象冲突：大象在大象范围内的学校中是否会降低平均成绩？

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African elephant’ interfering with pupils’ attendance at school is one of the often mentioned, but less documented form of human-elephant conflict (HEC) and can result in reduced education standards of pupils and schools, human deaths and injuries and the retaliatory killing of elephants. This, however, has not been proven, apart from the anecdotal evidence; hence no mitigation measures have been tested to ameliorate the problem. Crop raiding by elephants remains the most researched and documented form of HEC with elephant deterrents devised, promoted and tested as tools for reducing such conflict across the elephant range states. We compared performance of pupils and schools, both within and outside the elephant range in Transmara District, Kenya, adjacent to Maasai Mara National Reserve. We evaluated schools and pupils performance using National examinations means scores, standardized and set by the Kenya National Examination Council(KNEC). We compared the performance of pupils who were affected versus those not affected by variables such as days absent from school, the distance covered by pupils to school and their ethnic background, to assess the effect of other factors on performance. We found that mean pupil scores within elephant range were significantly lower than mean scores outside elephant range, but factors such as distance traveled to school and ethnic background may influence performance more strongly than HEC. We found little evidence to support the notion that elephants contribute towards the lower mean score of pupils within the elephant range. We recommend that a more detailed study be carried out that includes the proxy variables for teacher-pupil ratio; parental characteristics; as well as schools characteristics; learning and non-learning infrastructure using a product function approach to derive any mitigation strategies aimed at improving performance or the mean score within elephant range.
机译：非洲大象干扰学生上学是经常提到的但很少有文献记载的人象冲突（HEC）之一，它可能导致学生和学校的教育水平降低，人员伤亡和报复性杀害大象。但是，除传闻证据外，这还没有得到证实。因此，尚未测试缓解措施来缓解该问题。大象掠夺作物仍然是HEC研究和记录最广泛的形式，其设计，推广和测试的大象威慑力量是减少大象分布州之间此类冲突的工具。我们比较了与马赛马拉国家野生动物保护区相邻的肯尼亚Transmara区大象范围内外的学生和学校的表现。我们使用肯尼亚国家考试委员会（KNEC）标准化和设定的国家考试平均成绩来评估学校和学生的表现。我们比较了受变量影响的学生和未受变量影响的学生的性能，例如缺勤天数，学生上学的距离以及他们的种族背景，以评估其他因素对绩效的影响。我们发现，大象范围内的平均学生成绩显着低于大象范围外的平均成绩，但是诸如上学距离和种族背景等因素可能比HEC对成绩的影响更大。我们发现很少有证据支持大象在大象范围内降低平均得分的观点。我们建议进行更详细的研究，其中应包括师生比的代理变量。父母特征以及学校特色;使用产品功能方法的学习和非学习基础架构，以得出旨在改善性能或平均得分范围内的平均分数的任何缓解策略。

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