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Suppression of nitrification and nitrous oxide emission by the tropical grass Brachiaria humidicola

机译：热带草Bracharia Humicola抑制硝化作用和一氧化二氮排放

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Nitrification by soil nitrifiers may result in substantial losses of applied nitrogen through NO3- leaching and N2O emission. The biological inhibition of nitrification by crop plants or pasture species is not well known. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of three pasture species, Brachiaria humidicola, B. decumbens and Melinis minutiflora to inhibit nitrification. Plants were grown in a growth chamber for sixty days, fertilized with (NH4)(2)SO4. After harvesting, the soil was incubated with (NH4)(2)SO4 for 24 days. Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), NH4-N levels, and N2O emission were monitored at 4 d intervals. Among the species studied, B. humidicola inhibited nitrification and maintained NH4-N in soil to a much greater extent than the other two species. This nitrification inhibition lasted for 12 days after initiation of soil incubation study (i.e. from 60 DAS when the plants were harvested). The AOB populations and N2O emission from the soil were significantly lower in the soils where B. humidicola has been grown compared to the other two species. Root exudates and soil extracts of B. humidicola suppressed AOB populations, whereas those of B. decumbens and M. minutiflora did not. The results are in consistence with the hypothesis that B. humidicola suppressed nitrification and N2O emissions through an inhibitory effect on the AOB population.
机译：通过土壤硝化器进行的硝化作用可能会通过NO3-淋滤和N2O排放而导致大量施用的氮素流失。作物或牧场物种对硝化作用的生物学抑制作用尚不为人所知。这项研究的目的是评估三种草种，Bracharia Humicola，B。decumbens和Melinis minutiflora抑制硝化的能力。使植物在生长室中生长六十天，并用（NH4）（2）SO4施肥。收获后，将土壤与（NH4）（2）SO4孵育24天。每隔4天监测一次铵氧化细菌（AOB），NH4-N水平和N2O排放。在所研究的物种中，湿地芽孢杆菌抑制硝化作用并在土壤中保持NH4-N的程度要比其他两个物种大得多。在开始土壤培养研究后（即从收获植物时的60 DAS开始），这种硝化抑制作用持续了12天。与其他两个物种相比，生长湿地芽孢杆菌的土壤中的AOB种群和N2O排放显着降低。湿地芽孢杆菌的根系分泌物和土壤提取物抑制了AOB种群，而枯草芽孢杆菌和小分枝杆菌则没有。结果与假单胞菌通过对AOB种群的抑制作用抑制硝化作用和N2O排放的假设相符。

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