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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Long-term effectiveness of vivianite in reducing iron chlorosis in olive trees
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Long-term effectiveness of vivianite in reducing iron chlorosis in olive trees

机译：堇青石对减少橄榄树中的铁绿化的长期有效性

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Iron (Fe) chlorosis is common in olive (Olea europaea L.) trees growing on highly calcareous soils in Southern Spain, where generally causes reduction in yield, size and commercial value of the olives. The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of synthetic vivianite (Fe-3(PO4)(2).H2O) to reduce Fe chlorosis in olive. Experiments were established in three orchards with cultivars `Hojiblanco', `Manzanillo', and `Picual'. The design was a randomised block design with two or three treatments (control with no Fe fertiliser and vivianite at one or two rates). A vivianite suspension (0.05 kg dm(-3) water) was injected into the soil at 10-20 points around the tree at the depth of maximum root density (25-35 cm). The rates (and times of application) were 0.5 and 1 kg tree(-)1 for `Hojiblanco' (March 1997), 1 kg tree(-1) for `Manzanillo' (March 1998), and 2 kg tree(-1) for `Picual' (March 1998). The leaf chlorophyll content index (CCI) was estimated on the youngest expanded leaves by means of a Minolta apparatus (SPAD units). The colour index of the olives was estimated by visual comparison with a scale ranging from 1 (pale yellow) to 8 (normal green). For the period studied (July 1997-November 1999), the CCI of fertilised trees was, in general, significantly higher than that of control trees, and so was the case with the olive colour index. Olive yield, measured in the experimental fields with `Hojiblanco' (in 1999) and `Manzanillo' (in 1998 and 1999), was higher for the fertilised than for the control trees but differences were only significant in 1999. These results suggest that vivianite is effective to reduce Fe chlorosis for more than two seasons. Such effectiveness is probably due to the poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxides (which are good sources of Fe to plants) that result from the slow oxidation and incongruent dissolution of vivianite. [References: 18]
机译：在西班牙南部高钙质土壤上生长的橄榄树（Olea europaea L.）中，铁（Fe）的绿化很常见，那里的橄榄通常会降低橄榄的产量，大小和商业价值。这项研究的目的是研究合成的堇青石（Fe-3（PO4）（2）.H2O）减少橄榄中的铁中毒的功效。在三个果园中，以“ Hojiblanco”，“ Manzanillo”和“ Picual”为品种建立了实验。设计是采用两种或三种处理的随机区组设计（以一或两种速率不使用铁肥和堇青石进行对照）。在最大根部密度（25-35厘米）处，在树周围的10-20点处将维维石悬浮液（0.05 kg dm（-3）水）注入土壤中。比率（和施用时间）分别为：“ Hojiblanco”（1997年3月）为0.5公斤树（-1）（1），“ Manzanillo”（1998年3月）为1公斤树（-1）和2kg（-1） ）的“ Picual”（1998年3月）。利用Minolta仪器（SPAD单位）估算最年轻的膨胀叶片上的叶绿素含量指数（CCI）。通过目测比较，以1（浅黄色）至8（正常绿色）的比例评估橄榄的颜色指数。在研究期间（1997年7月至1999年11月），施肥树的CCI通常明显高于对照树，橄榄色指数也是如此。用“ Hojiblanco”（1999年）和“ Manzanillo”（1998年和1999年）在试验田中测得的橄榄产量比对照树高，但差异仅在1999年显着。这些结果表明，云母石可以有效减少铁的萎黄超过两个季节。这种有效性可能归因于结晶缓慢的Fe（III）氧化物（这是植物产生Fe的良好来源），这是由于Vivianite的缓慢氧化和不完全溶解造成的。 [参考：18]

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