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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Conventionally Tilled and Permanent Raised Beds with Different Crop Residue Management: Effects on Soil C and N Dynamics
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Conventionally Tilled and Permanent Raised Beds with Different Crop Residue Management: Effects on Soil C and N Dynamics

机译：常规耕作和永久耕作的作物残茬管理方式不同：对土壤碳氮动态的影响

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Conservation tillage in its version of permanent bed planting under zero-tillage with crop residue retention has been proposed as an alternative wheat production system for northwest Mexico. However, little is known about the dynamics of C and N in soils under wheat/maize on permanent beds (PB) where straw was burned, removed, partly removed or retained, as opposed to conventionally tilled beds (CTB) where straw was incorporated. We investigated the dynamics of soil C and N and normalized differencevegetative index (NDVI) crop values in zero-tilled PB and CTB after 26 successive maize and wheat crops. Organic C and total N were respectively, 1.15 and 1.17 times greater in PB with straw partly removed and with straw retained on the surface, than inCTB with straw incorporated. Organic C and total N were 1.10 times greater in soils with 30 ha~(-1) added than in unfertilized soil. Cumulative production of CO2 was lower under CTB with straw incorporated than under PB treatments, and CO2 production increased with increments in inorganic fertilizer. The N-mineralization rate was 1.18 times greater than in unamended soils when 150 kg inorganic N ha~(-1) was applied, and 1.48 times greater when 300 kg inorganic N ha~(-1) was added. The N-mineralization rate was significantly (1.66 times) greater in PB where the straw was burned or retained on the surface than in CTB where the straw was incorporated, but significantly (1.25 times) lower than in PB with straw partly removed. The NDVI values reached a maximum 56 days after planting and decreased thereafter. The NDVI for unfertilized soil were similar for CTB with straw incorporated, PB with straw partly removed, and PB with straw retained on the surface, but significantly lower for PB with straw burned and PB with straw removed. In soils to which 150 or 30 ha~(-1) was added, NDVI was significantly lower for PB with straw burned than for other treatments. Among other things, this suggests the utility of rotating maize or wheat with crops whose residues have lower C–N ratios, thus avoiding immobilization of large amounts of N for extended periods. PB with residue burning, however, is an unsustainable practice leading to low crop performance and soil and environmental degradation.
机译：墨西哥西北部的一种替代小麦生产系统已被建议采用永久耕种的零耕作法，在该耕作中保留作物残渣，以进行保护性耕作。但是，与掺有秸秆的传统耕作床（CTB）相比，在永久秸秆（PB）燃烧，除去，部分除去或保留的永久床（PB）上，小麦/玉米下土壤中碳和氮的动力学知之甚少。我们调查了连续26个玉米和小麦作物后，零倾角PB和CTB中土壤C和N的动态以及归一化差异植物指数（NDVI）作物值。与结合秸秆的CTB相比，部分除去秸秆并保留秸秆的PB中有机碳和总氮分别高出1.15倍和1.17倍。添加了30 ha〜（-1）的土壤中有机碳和总氮比未施肥的土壤大1.10倍。结合秸秆的CTB的CO2累积产量低于PB处理，并且随着无机肥料的增加CO2产量增加。当施用150 kg无机N ha〜（-1）时，氮矿化率是未改良土壤的1.18倍，当添加300 kg无机N ha〜（-1）时，氮矿化率是1.48倍。秸秆燃烧或保留在表面上的PB中的N矿化率比掺入秸秆的CTB中的显着高（1.66倍），但比部分除去秸秆的PB中的N矿化率低得多（1.25倍）。 NDVI值在种植后最多达到56天，此后下降。结合秸秆的CTB，部分除去秸秆的PB和表面保留有秸秆的PB的未施肥土壤的NDVI相似，但秸秆焚烧的PB和除去秸秆的PB的NDVI明显较低。在添加了150或30 ha〜（-1）的土壤中，秸秆焚烧的PB的NDVI明显低于其他处理。除其他事项外，这表明将玉米或小麦与残留物的CN比率较低的农作物一起使用的效用，从而避免长时间固定大量N。然而，带有残留物燃烧的PB是一种不可持续的做法，导致作物性能低下，土壤和环境退化。

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