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Plant-based manipulation of nitrification in soil: a new approach to managing N loss?

机译：基于植物的土壤硝化处理：一种管理氮损失的新方法？

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Much work has gone into the management of nitrification through applications of chemicals known to inhibit enzyme function in nitrifiers with indifferent outcomes when tested in the field. Much less attention has been focused on the capacity of plants to modify nitrification in situ. Subbarao and coworkers in a series of neat and elegant studies have confirmed that a tropical grass species, Brachiaria humidicola, produces chemicals that inhibit nitrification in soil. Critical to the work was the use of a Nitrosomonas europaea strain (nitrifying bacteria) that had been specifically constructed to produce bioluminescence due to the expression of "luxAB" genes during nitrification. This application led to the development of an assay that enabled the suppression of nitrification to be assessed directly. They produce evidence that the production of chemicals by Brachiaria humidicola roots, described as biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs), is under plant control. However, the triggers or molecular controls for BNI production have yet to be ascertained. Examination of the capacity of major crops to produce BNIs, including wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays) indicate that these do not have this capacity. Work is needed on wild relatives of these crops and the major temperate grass species such as Lolium perenne to determine whether these have the capacity to produce BNIs with an aim to introduce this capacity into domesticated lines. The work of Subbarao et al. highlights how molecular biology can be used to introduce traits into micro-organisms responsible for key soil N transformations in a way that facilitates analysis of the interaction between plants and the soil environment so crucial to their growth and survival.
机译：通过应用已知可抑制硝化器酶功能的化学物质，在田间进行测试时，许多工作已投入硝化管理。很少有注意力集中在植物原位修饰硝化的能力上。 Subbarao及其同事在一系列整洁而优雅的研究中证实，热带草种Brachiaria Humicola可产生抑制土壤硝化作用的化学物质。这项工作的关键是使用硝化单胞菌菌株（硝化细菌），该菌株由于在硝化过程中表达了“ luxAB”基因而专门产生生物发光。此应用程序导致了一种测定方法的发展，该方法能够直接评估硝化抑制作用。他们提供的证据表明，被称为生物硝化抑制剂（BNI）的臂状臂锈菌根生产化学药品处于植物控制之下。但是，尚未确定BNI产生的触发因素或分子控制因素。对包括小麦（Triticum aestivum），大麦（Hordeum vulgare），大米（Oryza sativa）和玉米（Zea mays）在内的主要农作物生产BNI的能力的调查表明，这些农作物不具备这种能力。需要对这些作物的野生近缘种和主要的温带草种（例如黑麦草）进行工作，以确定它们是否具有生产BNI的能力，旨在将这种能力引入驯化品系。 Subbarao等人的工作。着重介绍了如何利用分子生物学将性状引入负责土壤N关键转化的微生物，从而有助于分析植物与土壤环境之间的相互作用，这对于植物的生长和生存至关重要。

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