Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic disease defined by ectopic endometrial-like glands and stroma in extra-uterine locations. The prevalence of endometriosis in all reproductive-aged women ranges from 3% to 10%. It increases to 5% to 20% among women with pelvic pain and to 20% to 40% among those who are infertile.1 In postmenopausal women, however, endometriosis is considered rare. The incidence of endometriosis in postmenopausal women is estimated to be approximately 2% to 4%.2 The most common locations of endometriosis implants include structures in the most dependent portions of the pelvis such as the ovaries, anterior and posterior cul-de-sacs, and the uterosacral ligaments.3 However, endometriosis has also been identified rarely in extrapelvic locations such as the kidney, knee, thorax, liver, and urinary and digestive tracts.
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