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Platelets in inflammation and infection

机译:血小板在炎症和感染中的作用

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摘要

Although platelets are traditionally recognized for their central role in hemostasis, many lines of research clearly demonstrate these rather ubiquitous blood components are potent immune modulators and effectors. Platelets have been shown to directly recognize, sequester and kill pathogens, to activated and recruit leukocytes to sites of infection and inflammation, and to modulate leukocyte behavior, enhancing their ability to phagocytose and kill pathogens and inducing unique effector functions, such as the production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). This multifaceted response to infection and inflammation is due, in part, to the huge array of soluble mediators and cell surface molecules expressed by platelets. From their earliest origins as primordial hemocytes in invertebrates to their current form as megakaryocyte-derived cytoplasts, platelets have evolved to be one of the key regulators of host intravascular immunity and inflammation. In this review, we present the diverse roles platelets play in immunity and inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases and infection. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of platelet behavior made possible through the use of advanced imaging techniques that allow us to visualize platelets and their interactions, in real-time, within the intact blood vessels of a living host.
机译:尽管传统上认为血小板在止血中起着重要作用,但许多研究清楚地表明,这些相当普遍的血液成分是有效的免疫调节剂和效应器。血小板已被证明可以直接识别,隔离和杀死病原体,活化和募集白细胞至感染和炎症部位,并调节白细胞行为,增强其吞噬和杀死病原体的能力,并诱导独特的效应子功能,例如产生中性粒细胞胞外陷阱(NETs)。对感染和炎症的这种多方面反应部分是由于血小板表达的大量可溶性介体和细胞表面分子所致。从最早的无脊椎动物原始血细胞起源到现在的巨核细胞衍生细胞质形式,血小板已发展成为宿主血管内免疫和炎症的关键调节剂之一。在这篇综述中,我们介绍了血小板在与自身免疫性疾病和感染相关的免疫和炎症中发挥的不同作用。此外,我们强调了对血小板行为的了解的最新进展,这是通过使用先进的成像技术而实现的,这些技术使我们能够实时观察活体宿主完整血管内的血小板及其相互作用。

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