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Stem cells and retinal repair.

机译:干细胞和视网膜修复。

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摘要

Retinal stem cells (RSCs) are multipotent central nervous system (CNS) precursors that give rise to the retina during the course of development. RSCs are present in the embryonic eyecup of all vertebrate species and remain active in lower vertebrates throughout life. Mammals, however, exhibit little RSC activity in adulthood and thus little capacity for retinal growth or regeneration. Because CNS precursors can now be isolated from immature and mature mammals and expanded ex vivo, it is possible to study these cells in culture as well as following transplantation to the diseased retina. Such experiments have revealed a wealth of unanticipated findings, both in terms of the instructive cues present in the mature mammalian retina as well as the ability of grafted CNS precursors to respond to them. This review examines current knowledge regarding RSCs, together with other CNS precursors, from the perspective of investigators who wish to isolate, propagate, genetically modify, and transplant these cells asa regenerative strategy with application to retinal disease.
机译:视网膜干细胞(RSC)是多能中枢神经系统(CNS)前体,可在发育过程中产生视网膜。 RSC存在于所有脊椎动物物种的胚胎眼杯中,并在整个生命中在低等脊椎动物中保持活跃。然而,哺乳动物在成年期几乎没有RSC活性,因此视网膜生长或再生的能力也很小。由于现在可以从未成熟和成熟的哺乳动物中分离出CNS前体,并进行离体扩增,因此有可能在培养中以及移植到患病视网膜后研究这些细胞。无论是在成熟的哺乳动物视网膜中存在的指导性线索,还是在嫁接的CNS前体对其做出反应的能力方面,此类实验都揭示了许多意想不到的发现。这篇综述从研究者的角度考察了有关RSC以及其他CNS前体的当前知识,他们希望将这些细胞分离,繁殖,遗传修饰和移植作为一种再生策略,并应用于视网膜疾病。

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