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Beyond tier one

机译：超越一级

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PV manufacturing: With big brands, high levels of exposure and slick press outfits, tier one module manufacturers invariable hog the solar limelight. But beyond the well-known names, tier two and three manufacturers play a crucial role. But what position do they find themselves in as the market emerges from its module glut? Clean Energy Associates' Andy Klump finds a shifting landscape. In 2014, China strengthened its hold as the world's largest solar PV module manufacturing region, in addition to achieving the world's number one spot in 2014 domestic PV installations with over 10.5 GW. Chinese producers manufactured more than 35 GW of solar modules in 2014, accounting for approximately 80% of the world's global PV module demand, far more than the less than 10% figure from a decade earlier. While Chinese PV manufacturing has advanced a great deal in the past decade, there are still some aspects of the industry that remain immature. Despite large order volumes and considerable capital investments, the industry as a whole is still developing to achieve the maturity of the semiconductor industry. Many believe that PV module quality is relatively standardized as delivered goods often appear to be similar across competing manufacturers. However, in terms of other aspects such as warranties, reliability, and after sales service, differing manufacturers' quality standards are more readily apparent. In the past, once the size of PV installations had reached a point where financing was required for ongoing project development, the market dictated the need for a manufacturing 'measuring stick' to create additional transparency in a non-transparent market. This approach was needed as the main component of the final projects - the modules - were manufactured in Asia, installed in Western countries, and financed by entities not always familiar with the solar industry.
机译：光伏制造：凭借大品牌，高曝光率和光滑的压榨设备，一级模块制造商总是无所不用其极。但是，除了知名品牌之外，第二和第三级制造商也起着至关重要的作用。但是随着市场从其模块过剩中崛起，他们发现自己处于什么位置？清洁能源协会的安迪·克鲁普（Andy Klump）发现了不断变化的格局。 2014年，中国在2014年国内光伏装机容量超过10.5吉瓦的世界排名第一的同时，巩固了其作为全球最大的太阳能光伏组件制造地区的地位。 2014年，中国生产商生产了超过35吉瓦的太阳能电池组件，约占全球全球太阳能电池组件需求的80％，远高于十年前不足10％的数字。在过去十年中，尽管中国的光伏制造业取得了长足进步，但该行业的某些方面仍不成熟。尽管有大量的订单和大量的资本投资，但整个行业仍在发展以实现半导体行业的成熟。许多人认为，光伏组件的质量是相对标准化的，因为在竞争厂商之间，交付的产品往往看起来相似。但是，就保修，可靠性和售后服务等其他方面而言，不同制造商的质量标准更为明显。过去，一旦光伏装置的规模达到进行中项目开发所需资金的水平，市场就需要制造“量测棒”以在不透明的市场中增加透明度。需要这种方法作为最终项目的主要组成部分-模块-在亚洲制造，安装在西方国家，并由并非总是熟悉太阳能行业的实体提供资金。

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