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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >Production-induced Normal Faulting in the Valhall and Ekofisk Oil Fields
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Production-induced Normal Faulting in the Valhall and Ekofisk Oil Fields

机译：Valhall和Ekofisk油田生产引起的正断层

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摘要

In situ stress and pore pressure data from the Valhall and Ekofisk oil reservoirs indicate that at the onset of production in both fields an incipient state of normal faulting existed in the crest of the anticlinal structures. In contrast, on the flanks of the structures the initial least principal stress values indicate an almost isotropic state of stress. Oil production from both fields caused marked pore pressure reductions as well as poroelastic reductions of the least principal stress in both the crest and flanks of the two structures. We demonstrate that as a result of production-induced pore pressure and stress changes, normal faulting appears to have spread out from the crests of the structures on to the flanks. Further evidence of a normal faulting state at Valhall has been found using data from a passive seismic monitoring experiment. Numerous microearthquakes were recorded during a six week monitoring period that are located at the very top of the reservoir or in the shale caprock immediately above it. An inverse/composite focal mechanism of these microearthquakes is consistent with a normal faulting stress regime.
机译：Valhall和Ekofisk油藏的现场应力和孔隙压力数据表明，在两个油田开始生产时，背斜构造的波峰处都存在正常断层的初始状态。相反，在结构的侧面，初始的最小主应力值表示应力几乎为各向同性状态。这两个油田的采油导致两个结构的波峰和侧面的孔隙压力显着降低以及最小主应力的孔隙弹性降低。我们证明了由于生产引起的孔隙压力和应力变化的结果，正常断层似乎已经从结构的顶部扩展到侧面。使用被动地震监测实验的数据，发现了瓦尔霍尔的正常断层状态的进一步证据。在为期六周的监测期内，记录了无数微地震，这些地震位于储层的顶部或紧接其上方的页岩盖层中。这些微地震的逆/复合震源机制与正常的断层应力状态是一致的。

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