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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >Experimental Study of the Process Zone, Nucleation Zone and Plastic Area of Earthquakes by the Shadow Optical Method of Caustics
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Experimental Study of the Process Zone, Nucleation Zone and Plastic Area of Earthquakes by the Shadow Optical Method of Caustics

机译：焦散的阴影光学方法对地震过程区，成核区和塑性区的实验研究

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摘要

On a plexiglass sample, a penetrating crack was prefabricated by laser. The crack is inclined towards the major principal stressσ_1(σ_y) at an angle of about 30°. Using this sample and by means of shadow optical method of caustics and microcrack location, the process zone, nucleation zone and plastic area of earthquakes were studied experimentally, and the strain variation in the shadow area was monitored. From the result, we comprehend the following. When the stress σ_y was increased to a certain value, shadow areas were formed around the prefabricated crack and at its tips, with that at the tips being larger. These shadow areas become larger with the increase of load and smaller with unloading. In the shadow area the strain was inhomogeneous: it was very large in some places but very small in others. When the shadow area reached a critical state, microcracks appeared at the tips of the prefabricated crack. Microcracks appeared on one side is the prefabricated crack where the strain and the shadow were both smaller. The zone with concentrated microcracks, or the process zone, was always located at the crack tip; this zone together with a half length of the original crack formed the nucleation zone which fell into the shadow area but was smaller than it. The shadow optical area of caustics bears a certain quantitative relation with the plastic area. Therefore, if an appropriate method is available to obtain the shadow optical area of caustics, it would be possible to detect the area with strong differential deformation change, and hence to determine the zone where strong fracture (an earthquake) would take place.
机译：在有机玻璃样品上，通过激光预制了穿透裂纹。裂纹以大约30°的角度向主应力σ_1（σ_y）倾斜。利用该样品，通过焦散和微裂纹定位的阴影光学方法，对地震的过程带，成核带和塑性区进行了实验研究，并监测了阴影区的应变变化。从结果，我们理解以下内容。当应力σ_y增加到一定值时，在预制裂纹周围及其尖端处形成阴影区域，尖端处的阴影区域变大。这些阴影区域随着负载的增加而变大，而随着卸载的增加而变小。在阴影区域，应变不均匀：某些地方很大，而其他地方很小。当阴影区域达到临界状态时，微裂纹出现在预制裂纹的尖端。出现在一侧的微裂纹是预制裂纹，其中应变和阴影都较小。集中微裂纹的区域或加工区域始终位于裂纹尖端。该区域与原始裂纹的一半长度一起形成了成核区，该成核区落入了阴影区域，但比其小。焦散的阴影光学区域与塑性区域具有一定的定量关系。因此，如果可以使用适当的方法来获得苛性碱的阴影光学区域，则可以检测出具有强烈的微分形变变化的区域，从而确定发生强烈断裂（地震）的区域。

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