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Segmentation along Strike-Slip Faults Revisited

机译：再论沿走滑断层的分割

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Fault segmentation and fault steps and their evolution are relevant to the dynamics and size of earthquake ruptures, the distribution of fault damage zones and the capacity of fault seal. Furthermore, segment interactions and coalescence are the fundamental processes for fault growth. To contribute to this end, we investigated the architecture of strike-slip faults by combining field observations in the Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada, and the published data sets. First, we studied the trace complexity for 49 faults with offsets ranging from 12 m to 460 km. We established that the number of fault steps (hence fault segments) per unit length is correlated to the maximum fault offset by a negative power law. The faults have longer segments and fewer steps when their offsets increase, indicating the progressive growth, smoothening and simplification of the fault traces as a function of the offset, as proposed by previous investigators. Second, we studied the dimensions of the segments and steps composing similar to 20 of the previous fault systems. The mean segment length, mean step length and mean step width are all correlated to the maximum fault offset by positive power laws over four orders of magnitude of the offset. In addition, the segment length distributions of four of the faults with offsets ranging from 80 m to 100 km are all lognormal, with most of the segment lengths falling in the range of one to five times the maximum offset of the faults. Finally, the fault steps have an approximately constant length-to-width ratio indicating that, regardless of their environment, strike-slip faults have a remarkable self-similar architecture probably due to the mechanical processes responsible for fault growth. Our data sets can be used as tools to better predict the geometrical attributes of strike-slip fault systems with important consequences for earthquake ruptures, the distribution and properties of fault damage zones, and fault sealing potential.
机译：断层的分段和断层的阶跃及其演化与地震破裂的动力学和规模，断层破坏带的分布以及断层的封闭能力有关。此外，段相互作用和合并是断层生长的基本过程。为此，我们结合内华达州火谷国家公园的野外观测资料和已发布的数据集，对走滑断层的构造进行了研究。首先，我们研究了偏移量在12 m至460 km之间的49条断层的走线复杂度。我们建立了单位长度的故障步数（因此，故障段）与负幂定律的最大故障偏移量相关。断层的偏移量增加时，断层段较长，步数较少，这表明断层痕迹随偏移量的增长，平滑和简化，如先前的研究人员所提出的那样。其次，我们研究了与先前故障系统中的20个相似的部分和步骤的尺寸。平均段长度，平均步长和平均步长都通过偏移量的四个数量级上的正幂定律与最大故障偏移量相关。另外，偏移量在80 m至100 km范围内的四个断层的段长分布都为对数正态分布，其中大多数段长都落在断层最大偏移量的一到五倍的范围内。最后，断层台阶的长宽比大致恒定，这表明走滑断层无论其环境如何，都具有非同寻常的自相似结构，这可能是由于造成断层增长的机械过程所致。我们的数据集可以用作更好地预测走滑断层系统的几何属性的工具，其对地震破裂，断层破坏带的分布和性质以及断层封闭潜力具有重要影响。

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