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Broadband Ground Motion Reconstruction for the Kanto Basin during the 1923 Kanto Earthquake

机译：1923年关东地震期间关东盆地的宽带地面运动重建

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摘要

Ground motions of the 1923 Kanto Earthquake inside the Kanto Basin are numerically simulated in a wide frequency range (0-10 Hz) based on new knowledge of the earthquake's source processes, the sedimentary structure of the basin, and techniques for generating broadband source models of great earthquakes. The Kanto Earthquake remains one of the most important exemplars for ground motion prediction in Japan due to its size, faulting geometry, and location beneath the densely populated Kanto sedimentary basin. We reconstruct a broadband source model of the 1923 Kanto Earthquake from inversion results by introducing small-scale heterogeneities. The corresponding ground motions are simulated using a hybrid technique comprising the following four calculations: (1) low-frequency ground motion of the engineering basement, modeled using a finite difference method; (2) high-frequency ground motion of the engineering basement, modeled using a stochastic Green's function method; (3) total ground motion of the engineering basement (i.e.1 + 2); and (4) ground motion at the surface in response to the total basement ground motion. We employ a recently developed three-dimensional (3D) velocity structure model of the Kanto Basin that incorporates prospecting data, microtremor observations and measurements derived from strong ground motion records. Our calculations reveal peak ground velocities (PGV) exceeding 50 cm/s in the area above the fault plane: to the south, where the fault plane is shallowest, PGV reaches 150-200 cm/s at the engineering basement and 200-250 cm/s at the surface. Intensity 7, the maximum value in the Japan Meteorological Agency's intensity scale, is calculated to have occurred widely in Sagami Bay, which corresponds well with observed house-collapse rates due to the 1923 event. The modeling reveals a pronounced forward directivity effect for the area lying above the southern, shallow part of the fault plane. The high PGV and intensity seen above the southeastern corner of the fault plane and further east are largely due to this effect. Waveforms above the fault plane contain both short- and long-period components, but the short-period components are not observed further afield. Away from the fault, long-period waves (>2 s) dominate the ground motion, and in areas where the base of the third layer is relatively deep, the predominant period is >5 s. Levels of long-period ground motion in the southern part of the study area, around Sagami Bay and the southern parts of Boso Peninsula and Tokyo Bay, exceed that recorded at Tomakomai during the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake, when large oil storage tanks collapsed in response to sloshing generated by strong long-period motions.
机译：基于对地震震源过程，盆地沉积结构和宽带震源模型生成技术的新知识，对关东盆地内1923年关东地震的地面运动进行了数值模拟（在一个宽频率范围（0-10 Hz））。大地震。关东地震由于其规模，断层几何形状以及在人口稠密的关东沉积盆地下方的位置，仍然是日本进行地面运动预测的最重要范例之一。我们通过引入小规模异质性，根据反演结果重建了1923年关东地震的宽带源模型。使用包括以下四个计算的混合技术来模拟相应的地面运动：（1）工程地下室的低频地面运动，使用有限差分法建模; （2）工程地下室的高频地震动，采用随机格林函数法建模; （3）工程地下室的总地面运动（即1 + 2）; （4）响应于地下室总地面运动的地面地面运动。我们采用了关东盆地最近开发的三维（3D）速度结构模型，该模型结合了勘探数据，微震观测和从强地面运动记录中得出的测量结果。我们的计算揭示出断层平面上方区域的峰值地速（PGV）超过50 cm / s：向南，断层平面最浅，PGV在工程地下室达到150-200 cm / s，在工程地下室达到200-250 cm / s在表面。据计算，日本气象厅强度标度中的强度7最大值已在相模湾广泛出现，这与1923年事件导致的观测到的房屋倒塌率非常吻合。该模型揭示了位于断层平面南部较浅部分上方的区域具有明显的正向指向性效应。在断层平面的东南角上方和更东侧看到的高PGV和强度很大程度上是由于这种影响。断层平面以上的波形既包含短周期分量又包含长周期分量，但是在更远的地方没有观察到短周期分量。远离断层，长周期波（> 2 s）主导了地震动，在第三层的地基相对较深的区域，主要周期> 5 s。研究区南部，相模湾附近以及房总半岛南部和东京湾的长期地面运动水平超过了2003年十胜冈地震中Tom小牧的记录，当时大型储油罐倒塌。对强烈的长时间运动产生的晃动的反应。

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