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Physics and seismic modeling for monitoring CO2 storage

机译：用于监测CO2储存的物理和地震建模

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摘要

We present a new petro-elastical and numerical-simulation methodology to compute synthetic seismograms for reservoirs subject to CO2 sequestration. The petro-elastical equations model the seismic properties of reservoir rocks saturated with CO2, methane, oil and brine. The gas properties are obtained from the van der Waals equation and we take into account the absorption of gas by oil and brine, as a function of the in situ pore pressure and temperature. The dry-rock bulk and shear moduli can be obtained either by calibration from real data or by using rock-physics models based on the Hertz-Mindlin and Hashin-Shtrikman theories. Mesoscopic attenuation due to fluids effects is quantified by using White's model of patchy saturation, and the wet-rock velocities are calculated with Gassmann equations by using an effective fluid modulus to describe the velocities predicted by White's model. The simulations are performed with a poro-viscoelastic modeling code based on Biot's theory, where viscoelasticity is described by generalizing the solid/fluid coupling modulus to a relaxation function. Using the pseudo-spectral method, which allows general material variability, a complete and accurate characterization of the reservoir can be obtained. A simulation, that considers the Utsira sand of the North Sea, illustrates the methodology.
机译：我们提出了一种新的岩石弹性和数值模拟方法来计算二氧化碳封存储层的合成地震图。石油弹性方程模型模拟了被CO2，甲烷，油和盐水饱和的储层岩石的地震特性。气体性质是从范德华方程式获得的，我们将油和盐水对气体的吸收作为原位孔隙压力和温度的函数加以考虑。可以通过从真实数据中进行校准或通过使用基于Hertz-Mindlin和Hashin-Shtrikman理论的岩石物理模型来获得干岩石的体积模量和剪切模量。使用White的斑块饱和度模型对由于流体作用引起的介观衰减进行了定量，并使用Gassmann方程通过使用有效流体模量来描述White模型所预测的速度来计算湿岩的速度。使用基于Biot理论的多孔粘弹性建模代码进行模拟，其中通过将固体/流体耦合模量泛化为松弛函数来描述粘弹性。使用准光谱方法可以使材料具有一般的可变性，从而可以获得储层的完整而准确的特征。考虑北海的Utsira砂的模拟说明了该方法。

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