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Evolution, Emotions, and Emotional Disorders

机译：进化，情感和情感障碍

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Emotions research is now routinely grounded in evolution,but explicit evolutionary analyses of emotions remain rare.This article considers the implications of natural selectionfor several classic questions about emotions and emotionaldisorders. Emotions are special modes of operation shapedby natural selection. They adjust multiple response param-eters in ways that have increased fitness in adaptivelychallenging situations that recurred over the course ofevolution. They are valenced because selection shapes spe-cial processes for situations that have influenced fitness inthe past. In situations that decrease fitness, negative emo-tions are useful and positive emotions are harmful. Selec-tion has partially differentiated subtypes of emotions fromgeneric precursor states to deal with specialized situations.This has resulted in untidy emotions that blur into eachother on dozens of dimensions, rendering the quest forsimple categorically distinct emotions futile. Selection hasshaped flexible mechanisms that control the expression ofemotions on the basis of an individual's appraisal of themeaning of events for his or her ability to reach personalgoals. The prevalence of emotional disorders can be at-tributed to several evolutionary factors.
机译：现在，情感研究通常以进化为基础，但是对情感的显式进化分析仍然很少。本文考虑了自然选择对几个关于情感和情感障碍的经典问题的影响。情绪是自然选择所塑造的特殊操作方式。他们调整了多个响应参数，从而提高了在进化过程中不断出现的适应性挑战性情况下的适应性。它们之所以具有价位，是因为选择影响了过去影响身体适应性的情况的特殊过程。在降低健身的情况下，负面情绪很有用，正面情绪有害。选择已经将情感的亚型与一般的先驱状态部分地区别开来，以应对特殊的情况，这导致了不整洁的情感在数十个维度上彼此模糊，使得寻求简单的，截然不同的情感是徒劳的。选择形成了灵活的机制，可以根据个人对达到个人目标的能力的事件意义的评估来控制情绪的表达。情绪障碍的患病率可归因于几个进化因素。

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