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The density matrix renormalization group for ab initio quantum chemistry

机译:从头算量子化学的密度矩阵重整化群

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During the past 15 years, the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) has become increasingly important for ab initio quantum chemistry. Its underlying wavefunction ansatz, the matrix product state (MPS), is a low-rank decomposition of the full configuration interaction tensor. The virtual dimension of the MPS, the rank of the decomposition, controls the size of the corner of the many-body Hilbert space that can be reached with the ansatz. This parameter can be systematically increased until numerical convergence is reached. The MPS ansatz naturally captures exponentially decaying correlation functions. Therefore DMRG works extremely well for noncritical one-dimensional systems. The active orbital spaces in quantum chemistry are however often far from one-dimensional, and relatively large virtual dimensions are required to use DMRG for ab initio quantum chemistry (QC-DMRG). The QC-DMRG algorithm, its computational cost, and its properties are discussed. Two important aspects to reduce the computational cost are given special attention: the orbital choice and ordering, and the exploitation of the symmetry group of the Hamiltonian. With these considerations, the QC-DMRG algorithm allows to find numerically exact solutions in active spaces of up to 40 electrons in 40 orbitals.
机译:在过去的15年中,密度矩阵重归一化组(DMRG)对于从头算量子化学变得越来越重要。其潜在的波函数ansatz,即矩阵乘积状态(MPS),是完整配置相互作用张量的低秩分解。 MPS的虚拟尺寸(分解的等级)控制ansatz可以到达的多体Hilbert空间的角的大小。可以系统地增加该参数,直到达到数值收敛为止。 MPS ansatz自然地捕获指数衰减的相关函数。因此,DMRG对于非关键的一维系统非常有效。然而,量子化学中的活动轨道空间通常远离一维,并且需要较大的虚拟尺寸才能将DMRG用于从头算量子化学(QC-DMRG)。讨论了QC-DMRG算法,其计算成本及其性质。降低计算成本的两个重要方面受到特别关注:轨道的选择和排序,以及哈密顿量的对称群的利用。考虑到这些因素,QC-DMRG算法可以在40个轨道中的多达40个电子的有效空间中找到精确的数值解。

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