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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Evolutionarily conserved modules in actin nucleation: lessons from Dictyostelium discoideum and plants
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Evolutionarily conserved modules in actin nucleation: lessons from Dictyostelium discoideum and plants

机译：肌动蛋白成核中的进化保守模块：Disctyostelium discoideum和植物的教训

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摘要

The actin cytoskeleton plays a central part in the dynamic organization of eukaryotic cell structure. Nucleation of actin filaments is a crucial step in the establishment of new cytoskeletal structures or modification of existing ones, providing abundant targets for regulatory processes. A substantial part of our understanding of actin nucleation derives from studies on yeast and metazoan cells. However, recent advances in structural and functional genome analysis in less traditional models, such as plants or Dictyostelium discoideum, provide an emerging picture of an evolutionarily conserved core of at least two actin nucleation mechanisms, one mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and the other one by the formin-based module. A considerable degree of conservation is found also in the systems controlling the balance between filamentous and globular actin (profilin, actin-depolymerizing factor/cofilin) and even in certain regulatory aspects, such as the involvement of Rho-related small GTPases. Identification of such conserved elements provides a prerequisite for the characterization of evolutionarily variable aspects of actin regulation which may be responsible for the rich morphological diversity of eukaryotic cells.
机译：肌动蛋白的细胞骨架在真核细胞结构的动态组织中起着核心作用。肌动蛋白丝的成核是建立新的细胞骨架结构或修饰现有结构的关键步骤，为调节过程提供了丰富的靶标。我们对肌动蛋白成核的理解的很大一部分来自对酵母和后生细胞的研究。然而，在较不传统的模型（例如植物或盘基网柄菌）中，结构和功能基因组分析的最新进展为至少两个肌动蛋白成核机制的进化保守核心提供了新的图景，其中一个由Arp2 / 3复合体介导，另一个一种是基于formin的模块。在控制丝状和球状肌动蛋白（profilin，肌动蛋白解聚因子/ cofilin）之间平衡的系统中，甚至在某些调节方面（例如与Rho相关的小GTP酶的参与），都发现了相当程度的保守性。此类保守元件的鉴定为表征肌动蛋白调控的进化可变方面提供了前提，这可能是真核细胞丰富的形态多样性的原因。

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