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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Spirostomum spp. (Ciliophora, Protista), a suitable system for endocytobiosis research
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Spirostomum spp. (Ciliophora, Protista), a suitable system for endocytobiosis research

机译：螺旋藻（Ciliophora，Protista），一种适合内吞生物研究的系统

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摘要

Among ciliate genera, only Paramecium and Euplotes species have been studied extensively as host organisms of bacterial endocytobionts. In this article, we show that members of the genus Spirostomum may also serve as a suitable system for endocytobiosis research. Two strains of Spirostomum minus (Heterotrichea, Ciliophora) collected in Germany and Italy, respectively, were found to harbor different types of bacterial infections. Bacteria of various sizes and shapes were observed in the cytoplasm or in the nuclei of the ciliates. The bacteria in the cytoplasm were either surrounded by a peribacterial membrane or lay naked. One of the bacterial species was found in the vicinity of the contractile fibrillar system (myonemes) of the ciliates. In rare cases, another type of bacteria was observed associated with mitochondria. The macronuclei of both the Italian and the German strains were crowded with endocytobionts. The endonuclear bacteria in the two S. minus strains differed with respect to their cytoplasmic structures but they were of similar size and both were rod shaped. According to the results of in situ hybridization, the endonuclear bacteria of the Italian strain belong to the subgroup of alphaproteobacteria, whereas the bacteria associated with the fibrillar system appeared to be gram-positive bacteria with high G+C content. While both the German and the Italian strains were found to permanently maintain their endocytobionts, they were at least partly colonized by different bacteria. This is taken as an indication that geographically separated populations of ciliates may be stably infected by different endocytobionts, possibly due to different ecological conditions. For S. minus and S. ambiguum a total of 7 different bacterial endocytobionts have now been recorded. We recommend the members of the genus Spirostomum as a suitable system for endocytobiosis research.
机译：在纤毛虫属中，仅草履虫属和Euplotes属作为细菌内吞生物的宿主生物得到了广泛的研究。在本文中，我们证明了螺旋藻属的成员也可以作为内吞生物研究的合适系统。发现分别在德国和意大利收集的两种负螺旋藻菌株（Heterotrichea，Ciliophora）具有不同类型的细菌感染。在纤毛虫的细胞质或细胞核中观察到各种大小和形状的细菌。细胞质中的细菌被细菌膜包围或裸露。在纤毛虫的收缩性原纤维系统（肌元）附近发现了一种细菌。在极少数情况下，观察到另一种与线粒体有关的细菌。意大利和德国菌株的大核都挤满了胞吞生物。两种负链球菌的核内细菌在细胞质结构方面有所不同，但大小相似，均为棒状。根据原位杂交的结果，Italian菌株的核内细菌属于α变形细菌的亚组，而与原纤维系统相关的细菌似乎是革兰氏阳性细菌，具有高G + C含量。虽然发现德国和意大利菌株均能永久维持其内吞细菌，但它们至少部分被不同细菌定殖。这表明可能是由于不同的生态条件，地理上分离的纤毛虫种群可能被不同的胞吞生物稳定地感染。对于负链球菌和歧链球菌，现在总共记录了7种不同的细菌内吞生物。我们建议将螺旋藻属的成员作为内吞生物研究的合适系统。

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