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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Haploid formation in maize, barley, flax, and potato
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Haploid formation in maize, barley, flax, and potato

机译：玉米，大麦，亚麻和马铃薯中的单倍体形成

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The article is reviewing some significant features and issues in the process of haploid formation in two important monocotyledonous crop plants - maize and barley - and in two dicotyledonous plants - flax and potato. Exotic maize lines with higher androgenic response turned up as a good source for this heritable trait and this valuable trait can be incorporated into elite maize lines via crossing. Lots of attempts were devoted to identifying some cytological and/or morphological markers for androgenic response in maize microspore cultures. The "starlike" organization of the cytoplasm inside the induced maize microspores together with the enlarged size of induced microspores can be considered as morphological markers for androgenic response. In barley, microspores with rich cytoplasm that was of granular appearance with the nucleus located near the cell wall and with no visible vacuole had the largest survival rate and many of these cells continued in development and produced embryos. In flax, a dramatic increase of induction rate in anther cultures (up to 25%) was achieved when flax anthers were pretreated for 3 days at 4 degrees C and afterwards kept for 1 day at 35 degrees C. Also gynogenesis in flax has been reported already and complete plants were obtained. In potato microspore cultures, formation of two dissimilar cells indicated a strong polarization in the system and as a result of this polarization a prominent suspensor developed that persisted until the torpedo stage of the androgenic embryo. This was the first time the formation of a well developed suspensor was described in connection with androgenesis.
机译：本文正在回顾两种重要的单子叶作物（玉米和大麦）以及两种双子叶植物（亚麻和马铃薯）的单倍体形成过程中的一些重要特征和问题。具有较高雄激素响应性的外来玉米品系是该遗传性状的良好来源，并且该有价值的性状可以通过杂交被整合到优良玉米品系中。大量尝试致力于鉴定一些用于玉米小孢子培养物中雄激素反应的细胞学和/或形态学标记。诱导的玉米小孢子内部的细胞质的“星形”组织以及诱导的小孢子的增大大小可以被认为是雄激素反应的形态标志。在大麦中，具有丰富胞质的小孢子具有颗粒状外观，核位于细胞壁附近，没有可见的液泡，具有最大的存活率，并且许多这些细胞继续发育并产生胚胎。在亚麻中，将亚麻花药在4摄氏度下预处理3天，然后在35摄氏度下保持1天后，花药培养中的诱导率显着提高（最高25％）。还报道了亚麻的雌激素发育已经获得完整的植物。在马铃薯小孢子培养物中，两个异种细胞的形成表明系统中存在强烈的极化作用，并且由于这种极化作用，形成了显着的悬浮物，该悬浮物一直持续到雄激素胚胎的鱼雷阶段。这是首次描述与雄激素生成有关的发育良好的悬吊器。

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