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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Gravitational biology within the German Space Program: goals, achievements, and perspectives
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Gravitational biology within the German Space Program: goals, achievements, and perspectives

机译：德国太空计划内的引力生物学：目标，成就和观点

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Gravity plays an important role for the evolution, orientation and development of organisms. Most Of LIS, however, tend to overlook its importance because - due to its constant presence from the beginning of evolution some 4 billion years ago - this environmental parameter is almost hardwired into our interpretation of reality. This negligence of gravity is the more surprising as we all have Our strong fights with this factor, especially during the very early and again during the late phases of our lives. On the other hand, scientists have been fascinated to observe the effects of gravity especially on plants and microorganisms for more than a hundred years, since Darwin and Sachs demonstrated the role of the root cap for downward growing plants. Different experimental approaches are nowadays available in order to change the influence of gravity and to study the corresponding influences on the physiology of biological systems. With the advent of spaceflight, a long-term nearly nullification of gravity is possible. Utilisation of this so-called "microgravity" condition for research in life sciences thus became an important asset in the space programs of various space agencies around the world. The German Space Life Sciences Program is managed - like all other space programs and activities in Germany - by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in its role as space agency for Germany. Within the current space program, approved by the German government in May 2001, the overall goal for its life sciences part was defined as to gain scientific knowledge and to disclose new application potential by research under space conditions, especially by Utilising the inicrogravity environment of the International Space Station. Three main scientific fields have been identified in collaboration with the scientific community: integrative human physiology, biotechnological applications of the microgravity environment, and fundamental biology of gravity and radiation responses (i.e., gravitational and radiation biology). In the present contribution, specific goals as well as achievements and perspectives of research in gravitational biology are given. In addition, some information is provided on spaceflight opportunities available.
机译：重力在生物的进化，定向和发展中起着重要作用。然而，大多数LIS往往忽略了它的重要性，因为-从大约40亿年前的演化开始就一直存在-由于这一环境参数几乎已经硬化到了我们对现实的解释中。这种引力的疏忽更为令人惊讶，因为我们所有人都在与这一因素作斗争，特别是在我们生命的早期和晚期。另一方面，一百多年来，科学家一直着迷于观察重力对植物和微生物的影响，因为达尔文和萨克斯证明了根冠对于向下生长的植物的作用。如今，可以使用不同的实验方法来改变重力的影响并研究对生物系统生理学的相应影响。随着航天的出现，引力的长期接近于零值成为可能。因此，利用这种所谓的“微重力”条件进行生命科学研究，已成为世界各地各种太空机构进行太空计划的重要资产。与德国的所有其他太空计划和活动一样，德国太空生命科学计划由德国航空航天中心（DLR）作为德国的太空机构来管理。在德国政府于2001年5月批准的当前太空计划中，其生命科学部分的总体目标被定义为通过太空条件下的研究（尤其是通过利用航天器的惯性环境）获得科学知识并揭示新的应用潜力。国际空间站。与科学界合作确定了三个主要的科学领域：人类综合生理学，微重力环境的生物技术应用以及重力和辐射响应的基本生物学（即重力和辐射生物学）。在目前的贡献中，给出了引力生物学的具体目标以及研究的成就和前景。此外，还提供了有关可用太空飞行机会的一些信息。

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