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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Development of basal endosperm transfer cells in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and its relationship with caryopsis growth
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Development of basal endosperm transfer cells in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and its relationship with caryopsis growth

机译：高粱双色基胚乳传代细胞的发育及其与颖果生长的关系

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During sorghum caryopsis development, endosperm epidermal cells near the basal main vascular bundle are specialized by depositing wall ingrowths, differentiating into basal endosperm transfer cells (BETCs). All the BETCs together compose the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL). BETCs are the first cell type to become histologically differentiated during endosperm development. The initiation and subsequent development of BETCs shows the pattern of temporal and spatial gradient. The developmental process of BETL can be divided into four stages: initiation, differentiation, functional, and apoptosis stage. A placental sac full of nutrient solutions would emerge, enlarge, and eventually disappear between the outmost layer of BETL and nucellar cells during caryopsis development. BETCs have dense cytoplasm rich in mitochondria, lamellar rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and their secretory vesicles. They show a series of typical characteristics of senescence such as nuclei distortion and subcellular organelle deterioration during their specialization. BETCs probably play an active role in nutrient transfer into the starchy endosperm and embryo. The occurrence, development, and apoptosis of BETCs are in close relation to the caryopsis growth and maturation especially the enrichment of endosperm and the growth of embryo. The timing when BETL is fully developed, composed of three to four layers in radial direction and 70 to 80 rows in tangential direction, consists with the timing when average daily gain of caryopsis dry weight reaches its maximum. It is conceivable that measures that delay the senescence and death of BETCs would help to increase the crop yield.
机译：在高粱颖果发育过程中，靠近基底主要血管束的胚乳表皮细胞通过沉积壁向内生长而分化为分化成基底胚乳转移细胞（BETC）。所有的BETC共同组成了基础胚乳转移层（BETL）。 BETC是胚乳发育过程中第一个在组织学上分化的细胞类型。 BETC的启动和随后的发展表明了时间和空间梯度的模式。 BETL的发育过程可分为四个阶段：启动，分化，功能和凋亡阶段。在颖果发育过程中，充满营养液的胎盘囊会在BETL最外层和细胞核细胞之间出现，扩大并最终消失。 BETC具有密集的细胞质，富含线粒体，层状粗面内质网，高尔基体及其分泌小泡。它们在其专业化过程中表现出一系列衰老的典型特征，例如细胞核变形和亚细胞器的退化。 BETC可能在营养转移到淀粉质胚乳和胚胎中发挥积极作用。 BETCs的发生，发展和凋亡与颖果的生长和成熟，特别是胚乳的富集和胚的生长密切相关。完全发育的BETL的时间由径向的三到四层和切向的70至80行组成，该时间与颖果干重的平均日增重达到最大值的时间有关。可以想象，延迟BETC衰老和死亡的措施将有助于增加作物产量。

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