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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Modulation of mandibular loading and bite force in mammals during mastication
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Modulation of mandibular loading and bite force in mammals during mastication

机译：咀嚼过程中哺乳动物下颌负荷和咬合力的调节

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摘要

Modulation of force during mammalian mastication provides insight into force modulation in rhythmic, cyclic behaviors. This study uses in vivo bone strain data from the mandibular corpus to test two hypotheses regarding bite force modulation during rhythmic mastication in mammals: (1) that bite force is modulated by varying the duration of force production, or (2) that bite force is modulated by varying the rate at which force is produced. The data sample consists of rosette strain data from 40 experiments on 11 species of mammals, including six primate genera and four nonprimate species: goats, pigs, horses and alpacas. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression methods are used to assess relationships between maximum (epsilon(1)) and minimum (epsilon(2)) principal strain magnitudes and the following variables: loading time and mean loading rate from 5% of peak to peak strain, unloading time and mean unloading rate from peak to 5% of peak strain, chew cycle duration, and chew duty factor. Bivariate correlations reveal that in the majority of experiments strain magnitudes are significantly (P<0.001) correlated with strain loading and unloading rates and not with strain loading and unloading times. In those cases when strain magnitudes are also correlated with loading times, strain magnitudes are more highly correlated with loading rate than loading time. Multiple regression analyses reveal that variation in strain magnitude is best explained by variation in loading rate. Loading time and related temporal variables (such as overall chew cycle time and chew duty factor) do not explain significant amounts of additional variance. Few and only weak correlations were found between strain magnitude and chew cycle time and chew duty factor. These data suggest that bite force modulation during rhythmic mastication in mammals is mainly achieved by modulating the rate at which force is generated within a chew cycle, and less so by varying temporal parameters. Rate modulation rather than time modulation may allow rhythmic mastication to proceed at a relatively constant frequency, simplifying motor control computation.
机译：哺乳动物咀嚼过程中的力量调节可让您深入了解节奏性，周期性行为中的力量调节。这项研究使用来自下颌骨的体内骨骼应变数据来测试关于哺乳动物节律性咀嚼过程中咬合力调节的两个假设：（1）咬合力是通过改变产生力的持续时间来调节的，或者（2）咬合力是通过改变产生力的速率进行调制。数据样本包含来自11种哺乳动物的40个实验的莲座丛数据，其中包括6个灵长类和4个非灵长类：山羊，猪，马和羊驼。使用双变量相关和多元回归方法来评估最大（epsilon（1））和最小（epsilon（2））主应变幅度与以下变量之间的关系：加载时间和从峰值应变的5％到峰值应变的平均负荷率，从峰值应变到峰值应变的5％到5％的平均卸载时间，咀嚼周期持续时间和咀嚼占空比。双变量相关性表明，在大多数实验中，应变大小与应变加载和卸载速率显着相关（P <0.001），而与应变加载和卸载时间无关。在那些应变大小也与加载时间相关的情况下，与加载时间相比，应变大小与加载速率具有更高的相关性。多元回归分析表明，应变率的变化最好用加载速率的变化来解释。加载时间和相关的时间变量（例如总体咀嚼时间和咀嚼占空比）不能解释大量的额外差异。在应变幅度与咀嚼周期时间和咀嚼占空因数之间几乎没有，只有很少的相关性。这些数据表明，在哺乳动物的有规律的咀嚼过程中，咬合力的调节主要是通过调节咀嚼周期内产生力的速率来实现的，而通过改变时间参数则较少。速率调制而不是时间调制可以使节律性咀嚼以相对恒定的频率进行，从而简化了电机控制计算。

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