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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >How important are skeletal muscle mechanics in setting limits on jumping performance?
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How important are skeletal muscle mechanics in setting limits on jumping performance?

机译：骨骼肌力学在设定跳跃性能极限方面有多重要？

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Jumping is an important locomotor behaviour used by many animals. The power required to perform a jump is supplied by skeletal muscle. The mechanical properties of skeletal muscle, including the power it can produce, are determined by its composition, which in turn reflects trade-offs between the differing tasks performed by the muscle. Recent studies suggest that muscles used for jumping are relatively fast compared with other limb muscles. As animals get bigger absolute jump performance tends to increase, but recent evidence suggests that adult jump performance may be relatively independent of body size. As body size increases the relative shortening velocity of muscle decreases, whereas normalised power output remains relatively constant. However, the relative shortening velocity of the fastest muscle fibre types appears to remain relatively constant over a large body size range of species. It appears likely that in many species during jumping, other factors are compensating for, or allowing for, uncoupling of jumping performance from size-related changes in the mechanical properties of muscle. In some species smaller absolute body size is compensated for by rapid development of locomotor morphology to attain high locomotor performance early in life. Smaller animal species also appear to rely more heavily on elastic storage mechanisms to amplify the power output available from skeletal muscle. Adaptations involving increased relative hindlimb length and relative mass of jumping muscles, and beneficial alteration of the origin and/or insertion of jumping muscles, have all been found to improve animal jump performance. However, further integrative studies are needed to provide conclusive evidence of which morphological and physiological adaptations are the most important in enhancing jump performance.
机译：跳跃是许多动物使用的重要运动行为。进行跳跃所需的力量由骨骼肌提供。骨骼肌的机械特性（包括它可以产生的力量）由其成分决定，而成分又反映了肌肉执行的不同任务之间的权衡。最近的研究表明，与其他肢体肌肉相比，用于跳跃的肌肉相对较快。随着动物的成长，绝对跳跃性能趋于增加，但是最近的证据表明成年跳跃性能可能相对独立于体型。随着体型增大，肌肉的相对缩短速度减小，而标准化的功率输出保持相对恒定。但是，最快的肌肉纤维类型的相对缩短速度似乎在很大的物种体型范围内保持相对恒定。似乎在许多种类的跳跃过程中，其他因素正在补偿或考虑到跳跃性能与肌肉力学性质的大小相关变化之间的脱钩。在某些物种中，较小的绝对体重可以通过运动形态的快速发展得到补偿，从而在生命早期获得较高的运动能力。较小的动物物种似乎也更加依赖弹性存储机制来放大骨骼肌的输出功率。已经发现包括增加相对的后肢长度和跳跃的肌肉的相对质量，以及对跳跃的肌肉的起源和/或插入的有益改变的适应都可以改善动物的跳跃性能。但是，需要进行进一步的综合研究以提供确凿的证据，说明哪些形态和生理适应性对于提高跳跃表现最重要。

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