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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Tympanal travelling waves in migratory locusts
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Tympanal travelling waves in migratory locusts

机译：蝗虫的鼓室行波

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Hearing animals, including many vertebrates and insects, have the capacity to analyse the frequency composition of sound. In mammals, frequency analysis relies on the mechanical response of the basilar membrane in the cochlear duct. These vibrations take the form of a slow vibrational wave propagating along the basilar membrane from base to apex. Known as von Bekesy's travelling wave, this wave displays amplitude maxima at frequency-specific locations along the basilar membrane, providing a spatial map of the frequency of sound--a tonotopy. In their structure, insect auditory systems may not be as sophisticated at those of mammals, yet some are known to perform sound frequency analysis. In the desert locust, this analysis arises from the mechanical properties of the tympanal membrane. In effect, the spatial decomposition of incident sound into discrete frequency components involves a tympanal travelling wave that funnels mechanical energy to specific tympanal locations, where distinct groups of mechanoreceptor neurones project. Notably, observed tympanal deflections differ from those predicted by drum theory. Although phenomenologically equivalent, von Bekesy's and the locust's waves differ in their physical implementation. von Bekesy's wave is born from interactions between the anisotropic basilar membrane and the surrounding incompressible fluids, whereas the locust's wave rides on an anisotropic membrane suspended in air. The locust's ear thus combines in one structure the functions of sound reception and frequency decomposition.
机译：包括许多脊椎动物和昆虫在内的听力动物具有分析声音频率成分的能力。在哺乳动物中，频率分析依赖于耳蜗导管中基底膜的机械响应。这些振动采取沿着基底膜从基底到顶点传播的缓慢振动波的形式。被称为冯·贝克斯（von Bekesy）的行波，该波在基底膜上特定频率的位置显示振幅最大值，从而提供了声音频率的空间图-音调。在结构上，昆虫听觉系统可能不如哺乳动物的听觉系统复杂，但已知其中一些可以进行声频分析。在沙漠蝗虫中，这种分析来自鼓膜的机械性能。实际上，将入射声音在空间上分解为离散的频率分量会涉及到鼓膜行波，该波将机械能集中到特定的鼓膜位置，在该位置上会出现不同的机械感受器神经元群。值得注意的是，观察到的鼓室变形与鼓理论所预测的不同。尽管从现象学上讲是等效的，但冯·贝克西和蝗虫的波动在物理实现上有所不同。 von Bekesy的波浪是由各向异性基底膜与周围不可压缩流体之间的相互作用产生的，而刺槐的波则是悬浮在悬浮在空气中的各向异性膜上。因此，蝗虫的耳朵在一种结构中结合了声音接收和频率分解的功能。

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