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Mass rapid transit systems for cities in the developing world

机译：发展中国家城市的大众捷运系统

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There are clear efficiency and environmental benefits to be derived from transferring urban travellers from private cars to public transport and non-motorized transport (NMT). Many cities when faced with the threat of ever-increasing traffic-generated pollution and congestion have adopted policies and strategies to encourage this shift. In supporting this policy, public transport, with its far greater capacity for moving people efficiently and cheaply, can also be effectively used to support urban development policies and programmes. For example, as cities grow in size, the maintenance of a strong and thriving city centre calls for daily inward and outward movement of increasingly large volumes of commuters, tourists, shoppers and others, all benefiting from the economies and necessities of central location. Public transport can more easily meet this mass access need as compared with private cars. Most urban public transport is road based, but the major cities of the world have a long history of building and developing rail-based schemes to provide the backbone of public transport supply along key corridors. Road-based public transport, given adequate operational support (e.g. dedicated tracks, off-line bus-stands, trunk-and-feeder routing, etc.), can handle peak corridor flows up to about 25 000 passengers/hour/direction, but higher flows necessitate a 'heavy' rail-based system with a higher capacity. Rail (particularly the light rail and tram systems) is also justified (in preference to a road-based system) for lower passenger flows on such grounds as being less polluting and presenting a better urban image.
机译：将城市旅客从私家车转移到公共交通工具和非机动交通工具（NMT），将带来明显的效率和环境效益。当许多城市面临日益严重的交通污染和交通拥堵的威胁时，已经采取了政策和策略来鼓励这种转变。在支持这项政策时，公共交通以其高效和廉价地运送人员的能力，也可以有效地用于支持城市发展政策和方案。例如，随着城市规模的扩大，要维持一个强大而繁荣的市中心，就需要每天不断地向内和向外移动通勤者，游客，购物者和其他人，这些都得益于中心位置的经济和必要性。与私家车相比，公共交通可以更轻松地满足这种大规模交通需求。大多数城市公共交通都是基于道路的，但是世界主要城市都有悠久的历史，他们在建立和开发基于铁路的计划以为关键走廊提供公共交通供应的骨干。有了足够的运营支持（例如，专用轨道，离线巴士站，干线和支线路线等），基于公路的公共交通可以处理最多25,000名乘客/小时/方向的高峰客流，但是更高的流量需要具有更高容量的“重型”铁路系统。铁路（尤其是轻轨和有轨电车系统）也被证明是合理的（优先于基于道路的系统），以减少污染和提供更好的城市形象为由，减少客流。

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