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Social capital, economics, and health: new evidence

机译：社会资本，经济学与健康：新证据

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In introducing this Special Issue on Social Capital and Health, this article tracks the popularization of the term 'social capital' and sheds light on the controversy surrounding the term and its definitions. It sets out four mechanisms that link social capital with health: making information available to community members, impacting social norms, enhancing the health care services and their accessibility in a community, and offering psychosocial support networks. Approaches to the measurement of social capital include the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (SCCBS) developed by Robert Putnam, and the Petris Social Capital Index (PSCI), which looks at community voluntary organizations using public data available for the entire United States. The article defines community social capital (CSC) as the extent and density of trust, cooperation, and associational links and activity within a given population. Four articles on CSC are introduced in two categories: those that address behaviors -particularly utilization of health services and use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs; and those that look at links between social capital and physical or mental health. Policy implications include: funding and/or tax subsidies that would support the creation of social capital; laws and regulations; and generation of enthusiasm among communities and leaders to develop social capital. The next steps in the research programme are to continue testing the mechanisms; to look for natural experiments; and to find better public policies to foster social capital.
机译：在介绍有关社会资本与健康的特刊时，本文跟踪了“社会资本”一词的普及，并阐明了围绕该术语及其定义的争议。它提出了将社会资本与健康联系起来的四种机制：使信息可供社区成员使用，影响社会规范，增强医疗保健服务及其在社区中的可及性以及提供社会心理支持网络。衡量社会资本的方法包括罗伯特·普特南（Robert Putnam）制定的《社会资本社区基准调查》（SCCBS）和《佩特里斯社会资本指数》（PSCI），该指数使用整个美国可获得的公共数据考察社区志愿组织。文章将社区社会资本（CSC）定义为给定人群中信任，合作以及协会联系和活动的程度和密度。关于CSC的四篇文章分为两类：涉及行为的文章-特别是利用卫生服务以及使用烟草，酒精和毒品;以及那些关注社会资本与身心健康之间联系的人。政策影响包括：支持社会资本创造的资金和/或税收补贴;法律法规;激发社区和领导人发展社会资本的热情。研究计划的下一步是继续测试这些机制。寻找自然实验;并找到更好的公共政策来培育社会资本。

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