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首页> 外文期刊>Trends in Ecology & Evolution >Population genomics of rapid adaptation by soft selective sweeps
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Population genomics of rapid adaptation by soft selective sweeps

机译:通过软选择性扫描快速适应的种群基因组学

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摘要

Organisms can often adapt surprisingly quickly to evolutionary challenges, such as the application of pesticides or antibiotics, suggesting an abundant supply of adaptive genetic variation. In these situations, adaptation should commonly produce 'soft' selective sweeps, where multiple adaptive alleles sweep through the population at the same time, either because the alleles were already present as standing genetic variation or arose independently by recurrent de novo mutations. Most well-known examples of rapid molecular adaptation indeed show signatures of such soft selective sweeps. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms that produce soft sweeps and the approaches used for their identification in population genomic data. We argue that soft sweeps might be the dominant mode of adaptation in many species.
机译:生物通常可以出乎意料地迅速适应进化挑战,例如农药或抗生素的应用,这表明有充足的适应性遗传变异供应。在这些情况下,适应通常应产生“软”选择性扫描,其中多个适应性等位基因同时扫过整个种群,这是因为等位基因已经以站立的遗传变异形式出现,或者是由复发的从头突变独立产生的。快速分子适应的最广为人知的例子确实显示了这种软选择性扫描的特征。在这里,我们回顾了当前对产生软扫描的机制的了解,以及在种群基因组数据中用于识别它们的方法。我们认为软扫可能是许多物种适应性的主要方式。

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